<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>Conhecimentos Básicos on kenji.blog</title><link>http://kenji.blog/pt/tags/conhecimentos-b%C3%A1sicos/</link><description>Recent content in Conhecimentos Básicos on kenji.blog</description><generator>Hugo -- gohugo.io</generator><language>pt</language><copyright>kenjinote</copyright><lastBuildDate>Thu, 19 Sep 2024 01:10:20 +0900</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="http://kenji.blog/pt/tags/conhecimentos-b%C3%A1sicos/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Conhecimentos Básicos de Computador</title><link>http://kenji.blog/pt/p/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%94%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E3%81%AE%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98/</link><pubDate>Thu, 19 Sep 2024 01:10:20 +0900</pubDate><guid>http://kenji.blog/pt/p/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%94%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E3%81%AE%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98/</guid><description>&lt;img src="http://kenji.blog/p/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%94%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E3%81%AE%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98/img.png" alt="Featured image of post Conhecimentos Básicos de Computador" />&lt;h1 id="conhecimentos-básicos-de-computador">Conhecimentos Básicos de Computador
&lt;/h1>&lt;p>Esta página explica o que é um computador.&lt;/p>
&lt;h2 id="definição-de-computador">Definição de Computador
&lt;/h2>&lt;p>Um computador é uma máquina que possui os seguintes 5 dispositivos:&lt;/p>
&lt;ol>
&lt;li>Dispositivo de entrada&lt;/li>
&lt;li>Dispositivo de saída&lt;/li>
&lt;li>Dispositivo de armazenamento&lt;/li>
&lt;li>Dispositivo de controle&lt;/li>
&lt;li>Dispositivo lógico e aritmético&lt;/li>
&lt;/ol>
&lt;p>Resumidamente, um computador é uma máquina que realiza um &lt;code>processamento&lt;/code> específico para uma dada &lt;code>entrada&lt;/code> e &lt;code>produz&lt;/code> o resultado.
Ele pode &lt;code>armazenar&lt;/code> dados inseridos como &lt;code>entrada&lt;/code>, realizar &lt;code>operações aritméticas&lt;/code> e &lt;code>produzir saídas&lt;/code>. O &lt;code>controle&lt;/code> tem o papel de controlar os 4 dispositivos mencionados acima.&lt;/p>
&lt;h2 id="o-que-é-necessário-para-operar-um-computador">O que é necessário para operar um computador
&lt;/h2>&lt;p>Para operar um computador, são necessários programas (software) além dos dispositivos (hardware).&lt;/p>
&lt;p>Os programas instruem o computador sobre o tipo de processamento a ser realizado. Eles são escritos num formato que o computador possa compreender.&lt;/p>
&lt;p>Um exemplo de programa é mostrado abaixo:
Um programa que calcula a soma de 1 até um número inteiro fornecido.&lt;/p>
&lt;div class="highlight">&lt;div class="chroma">
&lt;table class="lntable">&lt;tr>&lt;td class="lntd">
&lt;pre tabindex="0" class="chroma">&lt;code>&lt;span class="lnt"> 1
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&lt;pre tabindex="0" class="chroma">&lt;code class="language-c++" data-lang="c++">&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="cp">#include&lt;/span> &lt;span class="cpf">&amp;lt;iostream&amp;gt;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="cp">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="cp">&lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">using&lt;/span> &lt;span class="k">namespace&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">std&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="kt">int&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nf">main&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">()&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">{&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="c1">// Alocação de memória necessária
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="c1">&lt;/span> &lt;span class="kt">int&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">n&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">sum&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span> &lt;span class="mi">0&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="c1">// Saída
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="c1">&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">cout&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">&amp;lt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s">&amp;#34;Digite um número inteiro: &amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="c1">// Entrada
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="c1">&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">cin&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">&amp;gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">n&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="c1">// Operação
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="c1">&lt;/span> &lt;span class="k">for&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="kt">int&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">i&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span> &lt;span class="mi">1&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">;&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">i&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">&amp;lt;=&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">n&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">;&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">i&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">++&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">)&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">{&lt;/span> &lt;span class="c1">// Operação
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="c1">&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">sum&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">+=&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">i&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">}&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="c1">// Saída
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="c1">&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">cout&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">&amp;lt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s">&amp;#34;A soma de 1 até &amp;#34;&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">&amp;lt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">n&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">&amp;lt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s">&amp;#34; é &amp;#34;&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">&amp;lt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">sum&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">&amp;lt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s">&amp;#34;.&amp;#34;&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">&amp;lt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">endl&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="c1">// Fim
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="c1">&lt;/span> &lt;span class="k">return&lt;/span> &lt;span class="mi">0&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="p">}&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>&lt;/td>&lt;/tr>&lt;/table>
&lt;/div>
&lt;/div>&lt;p>O programa é convertido em código de máquina por um compilador e transformado num formato que o computador possa executar.&lt;/p></description></item></channel></rss>