<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>SEO on kenji.blog</title><link>http://kenji.blog/en/categories/seo/</link><description>Recent content in SEO on kenji.blog</description><generator>Hugo -- gohugo.io</generator><language>en</language><copyright>kenjinote</copyright><lastBuildDate>Sat, 12 Sep 2026 12:00:00 +0900</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="http://kenji.blog/en/categories/seo/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>A Strategy for Rewriting Past Tech Articles Using Google Search Console</title><link>http://kenji.blog/en/p/google-search-console-rewrite-strategy/</link><pubDate>Sat, 12 Sep 2026 12:00:00 +0900</pubDate><guid>http://kenji.blog/en/p/google-search-console-rewrite-strategy/</guid><description>&lt;img src="http://kenji.blog/p/google-search-console-rewrite-strategy/img/eyecatch.jpg" alt="Featured image of post A Strategy for Rewriting Past Tech Articles Using Google Search Console" />&lt;h2 id="1-introduction-the-importance-of-rewriting-in-tech-blogs-and-the-data-driven-approach">1. Introduction: The Importance of Rewriting in Tech Blogs and the Data-Driven Approach
&lt;/h2>&lt;p>When running a technical blog or a developer-oriented owned media, &amp;ldquo;rewriting past articles&amp;rdquo; is just as important as, or perhaps even more important than, continuously writing new articles. Especially in IT and technical topics, information becomes obsolete quickly, and it is not uncommon for code snippets or API specifications written a few years ago to be deprecated today. However, simply updating past articles blindly will not maximize traffic from search engines.&lt;/p>
&lt;p>Therefore, this article explains an advanced strategy to drastically improve search rankings and click-through rates (CTR) by identifying technical articles that should be rewritten. We will use a data-driven and mathematical approach, leveraging data from &lt;strong>Google Search Console (GSC)&lt;/strong> and &lt;strong>Google Analytics 4 (GA4)&lt;/strong>.&lt;/p>
&lt;p>Specifically, we will comprehensively cover everything from how to discover &amp;ldquo;missed opportunity articles&amp;rdquo; with low CTR relative to their impressions (display counts) by integrating GSC and GA4 data using Python and BigQuery, to how to efficiently fill content gaps by identifying keywords missing in H2 and H3 headings using TF-IDF analysis in NLP (Natural Language Processing).&lt;/p>
&lt;hr>
&lt;h2 id="2-gap-analysis-between-expected-ctr-and-actual-ctr-introduction-of-a-mathematical-model">2. Gap Analysis Between Expected CTR and Actual CTR (Introduction of a Mathematical Model)
&lt;/h2>&lt;p>One of the most fundamental metrics in SEO is the &amp;ldquo;Click-Through Rate (CTR) relative to search ranking&amp;rdquo;. Generally, if a search ranking is 1st, the CTR is around 25-30%, for 2nd it is about 15%, and it drops sharply after that. This relationship between ranking and CTR can be modeled as a distribution following a Power Law.&lt;/p>
&lt;p>It is known that the expected click-through rate $CTR(r)$ for ranking $r$ can be approximated by the following formula:&lt;/p>
$$
CTR(r) = a \cdot r^{-b}
$$&lt;p>Here, $a$ represents the expected CTR when ranked 1st (e.g., $0.30$ for 30%), and $b$ represents the decay parameter (generally between $1.0$ and $1.5$).&lt;/p>
&lt;p>The most effective approach when selecting articles to rewrite is to &lt;strong>find articles (keywords) where the &amp;ldquo;actual CTR&amp;rdquo; falls significantly below this &amp;ldquo;expected CTR&amp;rdquo;&lt;/strong>. For example, if a search ranking is 3rd (expected CTR of about 10%) but the actual CTR is only 2%, it is highly likely that either the search intent is misaligned with the title and description, or clicks are being stolen by competitive factors such as rich snippets.&lt;/p>
&lt;p>The following graph is an image showing the divergence between expected CTR and actual CTR in a certain technical blog.&lt;/p>
&lt;pre class="mermaid">
xychart-beta
title Expected CTR vs Actual CTR by Position
x-axis [&amp;#34;1&amp;#34;, &amp;#34;2&amp;#34;, &amp;#34;3&amp;#34;, &amp;#34;4&amp;#34;, &amp;#34;5&amp;#34;, &amp;#34;6&amp;#34;, &amp;#34;7&amp;#34;, &amp;#34;8&amp;#34;, &amp;#34;9&amp;#34;, &amp;#34;10&amp;#34;]
y-axis &amp;#34;CTR (%)&amp;#34; 0 --&amp;gt; 35
line [30.5, 15.2, 10.1, 7.5, 5.2, 4.1, 3.2, 2.5, 2.0, 1.5]
bar [32.1, 14.0, 8.5, 4.0, 5.0, 2.1, 1.5, 1.0, 1.2, 0.5]
&lt;/pre>
&lt;p>(* The line graph shows the expected CTR, and the bar graph shows the actual CTR. You can confirm that it falls significantly below at the 4th and 8th positions.)&lt;/p>
&lt;hr>
&lt;h2 id="3-automatic-extraction-of-search-performance-data-using-gsc-api-python">3. Automatic Extraction of Search Performance Data Using GSC API (Python)
&lt;/h2>&lt;p>While it is possible to download CSVs from the GSC web UI for analysis, the best approach for large-scale blogs or continuous analysis is to build a system that automatically extracts data with Python using the GSC API.&lt;/p>
&lt;p>Below is a Python snippet using &lt;code>google-api-python-client&lt;/code> to retrieve page-level and query-level performance data (clicks, impressions, CTR, average position) over a specific period.&lt;/p>
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&lt;td class="lntd">
&lt;pre tabindex="0" class="chroma">&lt;code class="language-python" data-lang="python">&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="kn">import&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nn">pandas&lt;/span> &lt;span class="k">as&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nn">pd&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="kn">from&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nn">google.oauth2&lt;/span> &lt;span class="kn">import&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">service_account&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="kn">from&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nn">googleapiclient.discovery&lt;/span> &lt;span class="kn">import&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">build&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="k">def&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nf">get_gsc_data&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">key_path&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">site_url&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">start_date&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">end_date&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">):&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="c1"># Load credentials and build API client&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="n">credentials&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">service_account&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">Credentials&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">from_service_account_file&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="n">key_path&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">scopes&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">[&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;https://www.googleapis.com/auth/webmasters.readonly&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">]&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">)&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="n">service&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">build&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;searchconsole&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;v1&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">credentials&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">credentials&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">)&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="c1"># Set API request payload (specify page and query as dimensions)&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="n">request&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">{&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;startDate&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">start_date&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;endDate&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">end_date&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;dimensions&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">[&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;page&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;query&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">],&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;rowLimit&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="mi">25000&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">}&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="c1"># Execute API&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="n">response&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">service&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">searchanalytics&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">()&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">query&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="n">siteUrl&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">site_url&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">body&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">request&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">)&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">execute&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">()&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="c1"># Extract data from response and convert to Pandas DataFrame&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="n">rows&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">response&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">get&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;rows&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">[])&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="n">data&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">[]&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="k">for&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">row&lt;/span> &lt;span class="ow">in&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">rows&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">:&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="n">keys&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">row&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">[&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;keys&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">]&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="n">data&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">append&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">({&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;page&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">keys&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">[&lt;/span>&lt;span class="mi">0&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">],&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;query&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">keys&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">[&lt;/span>&lt;span class="mi">1&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">],&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;clicks&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">row&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">[&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;clicks&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">],&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;impressions&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">row&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">[&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;impressions&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">],&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;ctr&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">row&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">[&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;ctr&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">],&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;position&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">row&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">[&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;position&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">]&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">})&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="k">return&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">pd&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">DataFrame&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">data&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">)&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="c1"># Execution example&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="c1"># df_gsc = get_gsc_data(&amp;#39;credentials.json&amp;#39;, &amp;#39;https://kenji.blog/&amp;#39;, &amp;#39;2026-08-01&amp;#39;, &amp;#39;2026-08-31&amp;#39;)&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="c1"># print(df_gsc.head())&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>&lt;/td>&lt;/tr>&lt;/table>
&lt;/div>
&lt;/div>&lt;p>With this script, you can retrieve detailed data linking page URLs to search queries as a DataFrame. This makes it possible to comprehensively grasp what keywords are displaying a specific article.&lt;/p>
&lt;hr>
&lt;h2 id="4-filtering-technical-keywords-using-regular-expressions-regex">4. Filtering Technical Keywords Using Regular Expressions (Regex)
&lt;/h2>&lt;p>An extremely powerful feature in analyzing technical blogs is GSC&amp;rsquo;s &lt;strong>Regular Expression (Regex) filters&lt;/strong>.
For example, if you write articles spanning diverse fields from frontend to backend and infrastructure, you might want to extract only &amp;ldquo;articles about errors or tutorials related to Python or Pandas&amp;rdquo; to prioritize rewriting.&lt;/p>
&lt;p>Using GSC&amp;rsquo;s custom regular expression filters allows you to narrow down queries with complex conditions.&lt;/p>
&lt;p>&lt;strong>Examples of Technical Keyword Filtering:&lt;/strong>&lt;/p>
&lt;ul>
&lt;li>Python-related error investigation: &lt;code>^(python|pandas|numpy|matplotlib).* (error|exception|bug|not working)&lt;/code>&lt;/li>
&lt;li>AWS-related infrastructure setup: &lt;code>(aws|amazon web services|ec2|s3|lambda).* (setup|configuration|tutorial|how to)&lt;/code>&lt;/li>
&lt;li>Version upgrades for specific libraries: &lt;code>(react|vue|angular) (v17|v18|v3) (migration)&lt;/code>&lt;/li>
&lt;/ul>
&lt;p>When integrating this into a GSC API request, utilize &lt;code>dimensionFilterGroups&lt;/code> to apply the regular expression conditions. By making full use of this filtering, you can pinpoint high-value, problem-solving keywords where developers are &amp;ldquo;currently stuck and searching for answers&amp;rdquo;.&lt;/p>
&lt;hr>
&lt;h2 id="5-integrating-ga4-and-gsc-data-with-bigquerypandas">5. Integrating GA4 and GSC Data with BigQuery/Pandas
&lt;/h2>&lt;p>GSC data alone only reveals &amp;ldquo;search rankings and CTR&amp;rdquo;. To know &amp;ldquo;how long users who reached the article actually stayed, and whether they achieved a conversion (e.g., navigating to a GitHub repository or signing up for a newsletter)&amp;rdquo;, it needs to be integrated (JOINed) with &lt;strong>Google Analytics 4 (GA4)&lt;/strong> data.&lt;/p>
&lt;p>If you are storing GA4 export data and GSC bulk export data in BigQuery, you can use a SQL query like the following to combine both and extract articles that have &amp;ldquo;high impressions and decent search rankings, but a high bounce rate or short engagement time&amp;rdquo;.&lt;/p>
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&lt;pre tabindex="0" class="chroma">&lt;code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql">&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="k">WITH&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">gsc_data&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">AS&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">SELECT&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">url&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">AS&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">page_path&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">SUM&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">impressions&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">)&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">AS&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">total_impressions&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">SUM&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">clicks&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">)&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">AS&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">total_clicks&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">AVG&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">sum_top_position&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">)&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">AS&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">avg_position&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">FROM&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">`&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">project&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">searchconsole&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">searchdata_url_impression&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">`&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">WHERE&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">data_date&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">BETWEEN&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;2026-08-01&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">AND&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;2026-08-31&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">GROUP&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">BY&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">url&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w">&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">),&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w">&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">ga4_data&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">AS&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">SELECT&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">REGEXP_REPLACE&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">SELECT&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">value&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">string_value&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">FROM&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">UNNEST&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">event_params&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">)&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">WHERE&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">key&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;page_location&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">),&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">r&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;^https?://[^/]+&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">)&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">AS&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">page_path&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">COUNT&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">DISTINCT&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">user_pseudo_id&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">)&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">AS&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">users&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">AVG&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">((&lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">SELECT&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">value&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">int_value&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">FROM&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">UNNEST&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">event_params&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">)&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">WHERE&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">key&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;engagement_time_msec&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">))&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">/&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="mi">1000&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">AS&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">avg_engagement_sec&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">FROM&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">`&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">project&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">analytics_123456789&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">events_&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">*`&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">WHERE&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">event_name&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;page_view&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">GROUP&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">BY&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">page_path&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w">&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">)&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w">&lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">SELECT&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">g&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">page_path&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">g&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">total_impressions&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">g&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">total_clicks&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">SAFE_DIVIDE&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">g&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">total_clicks&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">g&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">total_impressions&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">)&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">AS&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">ctr&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">g&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">avg_position&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">a&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">users&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">a&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">avg_engagement_sec&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w">&lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">FROM&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">gsc_data&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">g&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w">&lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">JOIN&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">ga4_data&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">a&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">ON&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">g&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">page_path&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">a&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">page_path&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w">&lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">WHERE&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">g&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">total_impressions&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">&amp;gt;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="mi">1000&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">AND&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">g&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">avg_position&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">BETWEEN&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="mi">3&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">AND&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="mi">15&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w">&lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">ORDER&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">BY&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">g&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">total_impressions&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">DESC&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>&lt;/td>&lt;/tr>&lt;/table>
&lt;/div>
&lt;/div>&lt;p>Using these results, classify targets for rewriting with a matrix like the following:&lt;/p>
&lt;ol>
&lt;li>&lt;strong>High Impression, Low CTR, High Engagement&lt;/strong>:
Articles where readers are satisfied as long as they click through from the search results. &lt;strong>Modifying the title and meta description&lt;/strong> should be the top priority.&lt;/li>
&lt;li>&lt;strong>High CTR, Low Engagement&lt;/strong>:
Articles that get clicked, but content is disappointing, causing users to leave. A large-scale rewrite of the main text is needed, such as &lt;strong>improving the lead paragraph, updating to the latest code, and enhancing information comprehensiveness (adding H2/H3)&lt;/strong>.&lt;/li>
&lt;/ol>
&lt;hr>
&lt;h2 id="6-content-gap-analysis-using-nlp-and-tf-idf">6. Content Gap Analysis Using NLP and TF-IDF
&lt;/h2>&lt;p>Once the articles to be rewritten are identified, the next step is to analyze &amp;ldquo;specifically what headings (H2/H3) or keywords should be added&amp;rdquo;. Rather than relying on intuition, we leverage &lt;strong>TF-IDF (Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency) in Natural Language Processing (NLP)&lt;/strong>.&lt;/p>
&lt;p>TF-IDF is a statistical measure used to evaluate how important a word is to a document within a collection.&lt;/p>
$$
TF\text{-}IDF(t, d) = tf(t, d) \times \log\left(\frac{N}{df(t)}\right)
$$&lt;p>Here,&lt;/p>
&lt;ul>
&lt;li>$tf(t, d)$ is the term frequency of word $t$ in document $d$&lt;/li>
&lt;li>$N$ is the total number of documents&lt;/li>
&lt;li>$df(t)$ is the number of documents containing the word $t$&lt;/li>
&lt;/ul>
&lt;p>&lt;strong>Approach:&lt;/strong>&lt;/p>
&lt;ol>
&lt;li>Obtain the text data of the top 10 articles (competitor sites) for the target keyword via scraping, etc.&lt;/li>
&lt;li>Prepare the text data of the target article on your own site.&lt;/li>
&lt;li>Using Python&amp;rsquo;s &lt;code>scikit-learn&lt;/code> &lt;code>TfidfVectorizer&lt;/code>, extract keywords (feature words) that appear with high scores commonly across the top competitor articles, but are missing or have significantly low scores in your own site&amp;rsquo;s article.&lt;/li>
&lt;/ol>
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&lt;td class="lntd">
&lt;pre tabindex="0" class="chroma">&lt;code class="language-python" data-lang="python">&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="kn">from&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nn">sklearn.feature_extraction.text&lt;/span> &lt;span class="kn">import&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">TfidfVectorizer&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="kn">import&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nn">pandas&lt;/span> &lt;span class="k">as&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nn">pd&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="kn">import&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nn">numpy&lt;/span> &lt;span class="k">as&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nn">np&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="c1"># documents = [Text of own site, Text of competitor article 1, Text of competitor article 2, ...]&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="c1"># Assuming a list of texts already tokenized (e.g., using morphological analysis like MeCab for Japanese)&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="k">def&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nf">extract_missing_keywords&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">documents&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">):&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="n">vectorizer&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">TfidfVectorizer&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">max_df&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="mf">0.9&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">min_df&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="mi">2&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">)&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="n">tfidf_matrix&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">vectorizer&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">fit_transform&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">documents&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">)&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="n">feature_names&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">vectorizer&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">get_feature_names_out&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">()&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="c1"># Calculate the average TF-IDF score of competitor articles (index 1 and onwards)&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="n">competitor_mean_tfidf&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">np&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">mean&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">tfidf_matrix&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">[&lt;/span>&lt;span class="mi">1&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">:]&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">toarray&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">(),&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">axis&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="mi">0&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">)&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="c1"># Get the TF-IDF score of own site&amp;#39;s article (index 0)&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="n">my_article_tfidf&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">tfidf_matrix&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">[&lt;/span>&lt;span class="mi">0&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">]&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">toarray&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">()[&lt;/span>&lt;span class="mi">0&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">]&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="c1"># Calculate the gap for words that are important to competitors but missing (or scarce) in your own site&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="n">gap_scores&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">competitor_mean_tfidf&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">-&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">my_article_tfidf&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="c1"># Extract the top words with the largest gaps&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="n">df_gap&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">pd&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">DataFrame&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">({&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;keyword&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">feature_names&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;gap_score&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">gap_scores&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">})&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="n">df_gap&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">df_gap&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">sort_values&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">by&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;gap_score&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">ascending&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="kc">False&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">)&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="k">return&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">df_gap&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">head&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="mi">20&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">)&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="c1"># Example: missing_keywords = extract_missing_keywords(processed_docs)&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="c1"># print(missing_keywords)&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>&lt;/td>&lt;/tr>&lt;/table>
&lt;/div>
&lt;/div>&lt;p>Through this analysis, you can quantitatively discover &lt;strong>topic omissions (content gaps)&lt;/strong>, such as &amp;ldquo;Top-ranking articles actually mention &amp;lsquo;How to deploy to a Docker container&amp;rsquo; and &amp;lsquo;Building a CI/CD pipeline&amp;rsquo;, but my article doesn&amp;rsquo;t touch on them&amp;rdquo;.&lt;/p>
&lt;p>The discovered important keywords shouldn&amp;rsquo;t just be scattered throughout the text. Instead, they should be added as meaningful sections using &lt;strong>H2 or H3 headings (Heading tags)&lt;/strong>, and by writing detailed technical explanations and code snippets for these headings, you can dramatically improve your Google evaluation.&lt;/p>
&lt;hr>
&lt;h2 id="7-data-pipelines-and-continuous-improvement-cycle">7. Data Pipelines and Continuous Improvement Cycle
&lt;/h2>&lt;p>The processes explained so far are not meant to be executed just once. Building them into a pipeline for continuous execution is key to SEO success. Below is a Mermaid flowchart showing the overall architecture and operational flow.&lt;/p>
&lt;pre class="mermaid">
flowchart TD
A[&amp;#34;GSC API Data (Impressions, Clicks, Positions)&amp;#34;] --&amp;gt; C[&amp;#34;BigQuery / Data Warehouse&amp;#34;]
B[&amp;#34;GA4 Export Data (Pageviews, Engagement Time)&amp;#34;] --&amp;gt; C
C --&amp;gt; D[&amp;#34;Python / Pandas Data Join &amp;amp; Analysis&amp;#34;]
D --&amp;gt; E[&amp;#34;Identify High-Impression / Low-CTR Articles&amp;#34;]
E --&amp;gt; F[&amp;#34;NLP Competitor Scraping &amp;amp; TF-IDF Keyword Extraction&amp;#34;]
F --&amp;gt; G[&amp;#34;Optimize H2/H3 Tags &amp;amp; Rewrite Content&amp;#34;]
G --&amp;gt; H[&amp;#34;Publish Updated Article&amp;#34;]
H --&amp;gt; I[&amp;#34;Monitor CTR Changes (Expected vs Actual)&amp;#34;]
I --&amp;gt; |&amp;#34;Feedback Loop&amp;#34;| A
&lt;/pre>
&lt;p>By systematizing this entire flow—from data collection from GSC and GA4, target selection through analysis, content optimization via NLP, to result monitoring—a blog media becomes an asset that continues to grow automatically.&lt;/p>
&lt;hr>
&lt;h2 id="8-conclusion-and-future-outlook">8. Conclusion and Future Outlook
&lt;/h2>&lt;p>Rewriting technical articles utilizing Google Search Console is not merely about correcting text. It is advanced engineering that presents optimal solutions to the black box of search engine algorithms by fully leveraging data and mathematical models.&lt;/p>
&lt;p>To summarize the methods explained in this article:&lt;/p>
&lt;ol>
&lt;li>Identify articles with a large potential impact for correction by calculating the &lt;strong>divergence between expected CTR and actual CTR&lt;/strong>.&lt;/li>
&lt;li>Automatically extract performance data using the &lt;strong>GSC API and Python&lt;/strong>.&lt;/li>
&lt;li>Join with GA4 engagement data on &lt;strong>BigQuery&lt;/strong> to correct the main text of articles with high bounce rates.&lt;/li>
&lt;li>Discover content gaps with competitors through &lt;strong>NLP analysis using TF-IDF&lt;/strong> and optimize headings (H2/H3).&lt;/li>
&lt;/ol>
&lt;p>Technology trends are constantly changing. To accurately respond to the errors and challenges readers are currently facing, we highly recommend incorporating strategic rewriting backed by data into your daily operations.&lt;/p></description></item><item><title>Hugo Blog SEO: Frontmatter Settings to Dramatically Increase Traffic</title><link>http://kenji.blog/en/p/hugo-blog-seo-frontmatter-tips/</link><pubDate>Sat, 12 Sep 2026 12:00:00 +0900</pubDate><guid>http://kenji.blog/en/p/hugo-blog-seo-frontmatter-tips/</guid><description>&lt;img src="http://kenji.blog/p/hugo-blog-seo-frontmatter-tips/img/eyecatch.jpg" alt="Featured image of post Hugo Blog SEO: Frontmatter Settings to Dramatically Increase Traffic" />&lt;p>Hugo is one of the world&amp;rsquo;s fastest static site generators (SSG) written in Go. Its overwhelming build speed and flexible template system have garnered high support from many engineers and bloggers. However, simply generating and displaying a site quickly is not enough to be highly evaluated by search engines (like Google or Bing) and deliver articles to users.&lt;/p>
&lt;p>To improve search rankings, increase diffusion power on social media, and consequently dramatically increase blog traffic, meticulous SEO (Search Engine Optimization) measures are essential. The heart of SEO in Hugo is the integration of the &lt;strong>Frontmatter&lt;/strong>, which is written at the beginning of each markdown article, and the &lt;strong>Layouts&lt;/strong> (templates), which interpret it and expand metadata into the &lt;code>&amp;lt;head&amp;gt;&lt;/code> tag of the HTML.&lt;/p>
&lt;p>In this article, we will thoroughly explain in an overwhelming volume of over 10,000 characters how to maximize Hugo&amp;rsquo;s functions and implement advanced SEO measures, ranging from frontmatter settings to various meta tags, OGP (Open Graph Protocol), Twitter Cards, and outputting structured data using JSON-LD.&lt;/p>
&lt;hr>
&lt;h2 id="1-mathematical-background-of-seo-and-traffic">1. Mathematical Background of SEO and Traffic
&lt;/h2>&lt;p>Before diving into specific implementations, let&amp;rsquo;s mathematically understand why detailed SEO metadata is important. The search traffic $T$ that a website can acquire is determined by the search volume of the target keyword and the Click-Through Rate (CTR) based on the search ranking.&lt;/p>
&lt;p>This can be expressed by the following formula:&lt;/p>
$$ T = \sum_{i=1}^{n} V_i \times CTR(R_i) $$&lt;ul>
&lt;li>$V_i$ : Monthly search volume for keyword $i$&lt;/li>
&lt;li>$R_i$ : Search ranking for keyword $i$&lt;/li>
&lt;li>$CTR(R_i)$ : Click-Through Rate at ranking $R_i$&lt;/li>
&lt;/ul>
&lt;p>Among these, the search ranking $R_i$ depends on many factors such as content quality and backlinks (PageRank), but Google&amp;rsquo;s early PageRank algorithm is modeled as follows:&lt;/p>
$$ PR(u) = \frac{1-d}{N} + d \sum_{v \in B(u)} \frac{PR(v)}{L(v)} $$&lt;ul>
&lt;li>$PR(u)$ : PageRank of page $u$&lt;/li>
&lt;li>$d$ : Damping factor (usually 0.85)&lt;/li>
&lt;li>$B(u)$ : Set of pages linking to page $u$&lt;/li>
&lt;li>$L(v)$ : Number of outbound links from page $v$&lt;/li>
&lt;/ul>
&lt;p>What&amp;rsquo;s important here is &lt;strong>how to maximize the click-through rate $CTR(R_i)$ in addition to the effort to raise the search ranking $R_i$&lt;/strong>. By optimizing titles and snippets (description) displayed on search results (SERPs) and eyecatch images (OGP) when shared on social media, it is possible to intentionally raise $CTR(R_i)$. SEO settings in frontmatter are directly linked to maximizing this $CTR$.&lt;/p>
&lt;hr>
&lt;h2 id="2-hugos-build-process-and-the-role-of-frontmatter">2. Hugo&amp;rsquo;s Build Process and the Role of Frontmatter
&lt;/h2>&lt;p>Hugo reads the frontmatter (YAML/TOML/JSON) in the markdown file and passes it to the template engine as page variables. Let&amp;rsquo;s first understand this flow of information visually.&lt;/p>
&lt;pre class="mermaid">
flowchart TD
A[&amp;#34;Markdown File&amp;#34;] --&amp;gt; B[&amp;#34;Frontmatter Parsing&amp;#34;]
A --&amp;gt; C[&amp;#34;Content Parsing&amp;#34;]
B --&amp;gt; D[&amp;#34;Hugo Page Variables (.Title, .Params)&amp;#34;]
C --&amp;gt; D
E[&amp;#34;layouts/partials/head.html&amp;#34;] --&amp;gt; F[&amp;#34;Go Template Engine&amp;#34;]
D --&amp;gt; F
F --&amp;gt; G[&amp;#34;Final HTML &amp;lt;head&amp;gt; Tag&amp;#34;]
G --&amp;gt; H[&amp;#34;Googlebot / Crawlers&amp;#34;]
G --&amp;gt; I[&amp;#34;Social Media Scrapers (OGP)&amp;#34;]
&lt;/pre>
&lt;p>In this way, the values set in the frontmatter are passed to &lt;code>head.html&lt;/code> as variables like &lt;code>.Title&lt;/code> and &lt;code>.Params.description&lt;/code>, and output as the final HTML metadata. Therefore, SEO success consists of two steps: &amp;ldquo;defining appropriate information in the frontmatter&amp;rdquo; and &amp;ldquo;correctly converting it to HTML with templates&amp;rdquo;.&lt;/p>
&lt;hr>
&lt;h2 id="3-basic-metadata-settings-title-description-canonical-url">3. Basic Metadata Settings: Title, Description, Canonical URL
&lt;/h2>&lt;p>The most basic tags for search engines to understand page content are &lt;code>&amp;lt;title&amp;gt;&lt;/code> and &lt;code>&amp;lt;meta name=&amp;quot;description&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/code>. Also, &lt;code>&amp;lt;link rel=&amp;quot;canonical&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/code> is essential to avoid penalties for duplicate content.&lt;/p>
&lt;h3 id="31-frontmatter-setting-example">3.1. Frontmatter Setting Example
&lt;/h3>&lt;p>We prepare fields specialized for SEO in the article&amp;rsquo;s frontmatter.&lt;/p>
&lt;div class="highlight">&lt;div class="chroma">
&lt;table class="lntable">&lt;tr>&lt;td class="lntd">
&lt;pre tabindex="0" class="chroma">&lt;code>&lt;span class="lnt">1
&lt;/span>&lt;span class="lnt">2
&lt;/span>&lt;span class="lnt">3
&lt;/span>&lt;span class="lnt">4
&lt;/span>&lt;span class="lnt">5
&lt;/span>&lt;span class="lnt">6
&lt;/span>&lt;span class="lnt">7
&lt;/span>&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>&lt;/td>
&lt;td class="lntd">
&lt;pre tabindex="0" class="chroma">&lt;code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml">&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="nn">---&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w">&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nt">title&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">:&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;Hugo Blog SEO: Frontmatter Settings to Dramatically Increase Traffic&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w">&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nt">seo_title&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">:&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;Complete Guide to Hugo SEO: Boost Traffic with Frontmatter&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="c"># Optional: For search engines&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w">&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nt">description&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">:&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;Advanced SEO techniques utilizing Hugo frontmatter. A detailed explanation of OGP, JSON-LD, and metadata settings.&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w">&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nt">slug&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">:&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;hugo-seo-frontmatter-tips&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w">&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nt">canonicalUrl&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">:&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;https://example.com/post/hugo-seo-frontmatter-tips/&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="c"># Explicit canonical URL&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w">&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nn">---&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>&lt;/td>&lt;/tr>&lt;/table>
&lt;/div>
&lt;/div>&lt;h3 id="32-implementation-of-layoutspartialsheadhtml">3.2. Implementation of &lt;code>layouts/partials/head.html&lt;/code>
&lt;/h3>&lt;p>We create an HTML template to correctly output these variables.&lt;/p>
&lt;div class="highlight">&lt;div class="chroma">
&lt;table class="lntable">&lt;tr>&lt;td class="lntd">
&lt;pre tabindex="0" class="chroma">&lt;code>&lt;span class="lnt"> 1
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&lt;/span>&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>&lt;/td>
&lt;td class="lntd">
&lt;pre tabindex="0" class="chroma">&lt;code class="language-html" data-lang="html">&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="c">&amp;lt;!-- Title optimization --&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">{{ $title := .Title }}
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">{{ if .Params.seo_title }}
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> {{ $title = .Params.seo_title }}
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">{{ end }}
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="p">&amp;lt;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nt">title&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">&amp;gt;&lt;/span>{{ $title }} | {{ .Site.Title }}&lt;span class="p">&amp;lt;/&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nt">title&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="c">&amp;lt;!-- Description optimization --&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">{{ $description := .Summary | plainify | truncate 120 }}
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">{{ if .Params.description }}
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> {{ $description = .Params.description }}
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">{{ end }}
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="p">&amp;lt;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nt">meta&lt;/span> &lt;span class="na">name&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s">&amp;#34;description&amp;#34;&lt;/span> &lt;span class="na">content&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s">&amp;#34;{{ $description }}&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="c">&amp;lt;!-- Canonical URL (Normalization) --&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">{{ $canonical := .Permalink }}
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">{{ if .Params.canonicalUrl }}
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> {{ $canonical = .Params.canonicalUrl }}
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">{{ end }}
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="p">&amp;lt;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nt">link&lt;/span> &lt;span class="na">rel&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s">&amp;#34;canonical&amp;#34;&lt;/span> &lt;span class="na">href&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s">&amp;#34;{{ $canonical }}&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="c">&amp;lt;!-- Robot control (e.g., noindex settings) --&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">{{ if .Params.noindex }}
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="p">&amp;lt;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nt">meta&lt;/span> &lt;span class="na">name&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s">&amp;#34;robots&amp;#34;&lt;/span> &lt;span class="na">content&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s">&amp;#34;noindex, nofollow&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">{{ else }}
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="p">&amp;lt;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nt">meta&lt;/span> &lt;span class="na">name&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s">&amp;#34;robots&amp;#34;&lt;/span> &lt;span class="na">content&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s">&amp;#34;index, follow&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">{{ end }}
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>&lt;/td>&lt;/tr>&lt;/table>
&lt;/div>
&lt;/div>&lt;p>By using Hugo&amp;rsquo;s &lt;code>.Summary&lt;/code> as a fallback, even if &lt;code>description&lt;/code> is not set, the introductory text of the article can be automatically extracted.&lt;/p>
&lt;hr>
&lt;h2 id="4-ogp-and-twitter-cards-maximizing-ctr-on-social-media">4. OGP and Twitter Cards: Maximizing CTR on Social Media
&lt;/h2>&lt;p>To display articles in an attractive card format when shared on SNS like Twitter (X) and Facebook, Open Graph Protocol (OGP) and Twitter Cards settings are indispensable. This is also dynamically generated from the frontmatter.&lt;/p>
&lt;h3 id="41-issues-with-built-in-templates">4.1. Issues with Built-in Templates
&lt;/h3>&lt;p>Hugo has a convenient built-in template &lt;code>{{ template &amp;quot;_internal/opengraph.html&amp;quot; . }}&lt;/code>, but it lacks customizability and may not fit specific requirements or Japanese environments. Therefore, we strongly recommend implementing your own OGP tags within &lt;code>head.html&lt;/code>.&lt;/p>
&lt;h3 id="42-specifying-images-in-frontmatter">4.2. Specifying Images in Frontmatter
&lt;/h3>&lt;div class="highlight">&lt;div class="chroma">
&lt;table class="lntable">&lt;tr>&lt;td class="lntd">
&lt;pre tabindex="0" class="chroma">&lt;code>&lt;span class="lnt">1
&lt;/span>&lt;span class="lnt">2
&lt;/span>&lt;span class="lnt">3
&lt;/span>&lt;span class="lnt">4
&lt;/span>&lt;span class="lnt">5
&lt;/span>&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>&lt;/td>
&lt;td class="lntd">
&lt;pre tabindex="0" class="chroma">&lt;code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml">&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="nn">---&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w">&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nt">image&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">:&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;img/eyecatch.jpg&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w">&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nt">images&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">:&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>- &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;img/eyecatch-large.jpg&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="c"># For multiple images or absolute paths&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w">&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nn">---&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>&lt;/td>&lt;/tr>&lt;/table>
&lt;/div>
&lt;/div>&lt;h3 id="43-custom-implementation-code-for-ogp-and-twitter-cards">4.3. Custom Implementation Code for OGP and Twitter Cards
&lt;/h3>&lt;div class="highlight">&lt;div class="chroma">
&lt;table class="lntable">&lt;tr>&lt;td class="lntd">
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&lt;td class="lntd">
&lt;pre tabindex="0" class="chroma">&lt;code class="language-html" data-lang="html">&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="c">&amp;lt;!-- Open Graph Protocol --&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="p">&amp;lt;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nt">meta&lt;/span> &lt;span class="na">property&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s">&amp;#34;og:title&amp;#34;&lt;/span> &lt;span class="na">content&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s">&amp;#34;{{ $title }}&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="p">&amp;lt;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nt">meta&lt;/span> &lt;span class="na">property&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s">&amp;#34;og:description&amp;#34;&lt;/span> &lt;span class="na">content&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s">&amp;#34;{{ $description }}&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="p">&amp;lt;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nt">meta&lt;/span> &lt;span class="na">property&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s">&amp;#34;og:type&amp;#34;&lt;/span> &lt;span class="na">content&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s">&amp;#34;{{ if .IsPage }}article{{ else }}website{{ end }}&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="p">&amp;lt;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nt">meta&lt;/span> &lt;span class="na">property&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s">&amp;#34;og:url&amp;#34;&lt;/span> &lt;span class="na">content&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s">&amp;#34;{{ .Permalink }}&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="p">&amp;lt;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nt">meta&lt;/span> &lt;span class="na">property&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s">&amp;#34;og:site_name&amp;#34;&lt;/span> &lt;span class="na">content&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s">&amp;#34;{{ .Site.Title }}&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="c">&amp;lt;!-- Resolving OGP Image --&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">{{ $ogImage := &amp;#34;&amp;#34; }}
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">{{ if .Params.image }}
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> {{ $ogImage = .Params.image | absURL }}
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">{{ else if .Params.images }}
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> {{ $ogImage = index .Params.images 0 | absURL }}
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">{{ else if .Site.Params.defaultImage }}
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> {{ $ogImage = .Site.Params.defaultImage | absURL }}
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">{{ end }}
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">{{ if $ogImage }}
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="p">&amp;lt;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nt">meta&lt;/span> &lt;span class="na">property&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s">&amp;#34;og:image&amp;#34;&lt;/span> &lt;span class="na">content&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s">&amp;#34;{{ $ogImage }}&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="p">&amp;lt;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nt">meta&lt;/span> &lt;span class="na">name&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s">&amp;#34;twitter:image&amp;#34;&lt;/span> &lt;span class="na">content&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s">&amp;#34;{{ $ogImage }}&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="p">&amp;lt;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nt">meta&lt;/span> &lt;span class="na">name&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s">&amp;#34;twitter:card&amp;#34;&lt;/span> &lt;span class="na">content&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s">&amp;#34;summary_large_image&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">{{ else }}
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="p">&amp;lt;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nt">meta&lt;/span> &lt;span class="na">name&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s">&amp;#34;twitter:card&amp;#34;&lt;/span> &lt;span class="na">content&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s">&amp;#34;summary&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">{{ end }}
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="c">&amp;lt;!-- Twitter Cards --&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="p">&amp;lt;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nt">meta&lt;/span> &lt;span class="na">name&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s">&amp;#34;twitter:title&amp;#34;&lt;/span> &lt;span class="na">content&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s">&amp;#34;{{ $title }}&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="p">&amp;lt;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nt">meta&lt;/span> &lt;span class="na">name&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s">&amp;#34;twitter:description&amp;#34;&lt;/span> &lt;span class="na">content&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s">&amp;#34;{{ $description }}&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">{{ if .Site.Params.twitterAccount }}
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="p">&amp;lt;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nt">meta&lt;/span> &lt;span class="na">name&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s">&amp;#34;twitter:site&amp;#34;&lt;/span> &lt;span class="na">content&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s">&amp;#34;@{{ .Site.Params.twitterAccount }}&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">{{ end }}
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>&lt;/td>&lt;/tr>&lt;/table>
&lt;/div>
&lt;/div>&lt;p>By interposing the &lt;code>absURL&lt;/code> function, an image URL specified by a relative path is converted to an absolute path. Since absolute paths are mandatory in OGP, this process is extremely important.&lt;/p>
&lt;hr>
&lt;h2 id="5-implementation-of-structured-data-json-ld">5. Implementation of Structured Data (JSON-LD)
&lt;/h2>&lt;p>In current SEO, &lt;strong>JSON-LD (JavaScript Object Notation for Linked Data)&lt;/strong> has become mainstream as a technology to accurately convey the semantic structure of a page to search engines. By setting this up, rich snippets (star ratings, author name, publication date, etc.) are more likely to be displayed in search results.&lt;/p>
&lt;h3 id="51-structure-of-json-ld">5.1. Structure of JSON-LD
&lt;/h3>&lt;p>For blog articles, two main schemas are implemented: the &lt;code>Article&lt;/code> schema and the &lt;code>BreadcrumbList&lt;/code> schema.&lt;/p>
&lt;pre class="mermaid">
flowchart TD
A[&amp;#34;Schema.org Definitions&amp;#34;] --&amp;gt; B[&amp;#34;Article Schema&amp;#34;]
A --&amp;gt; C[&amp;#34;BreadcrumbList Schema&amp;#34;]
B --&amp;gt; D[&amp;#34;headline&amp;#34;]
B --&amp;gt; E[&amp;#34;datePublished&amp;#34;]
B --&amp;gt; F[&amp;#34;dateModified&amp;#34;]
B --&amp;gt; G[&amp;#34;author&amp;#34;]
B --&amp;gt; H[&amp;#34;image&amp;#34;]
C --&amp;gt; I[&amp;#34;ListItem 1&amp;#34;]
C --&amp;gt; J[&amp;#34;ListItem 2&amp;#34;]
I --&amp;gt; K[&amp;#34;position: 1&amp;#34;]
I --&amp;gt; L[&amp;#34;name: Home&amp;#34;]
J --&amp;gt; M[&amp;#34;position: 2&amp;#34;]
J --&amp;gt; N[&amp;#34;name: Category / Blog&amp;#34;]
&lt;/pre>
&lt;h3 id="52-json-ld-generation-in-hugo-templates">5.2. JSON-LD Generation in Hugo Templates
&lt;/h3>&lt;p>Leverage frontmatter variables like &lt;code>.Date&lt;/code> and &lt;code>.Lastmod&lt;/code> to dynamically output JSON-LD. Describe it in &lt;code>head.html&lt;/code> using the &lt;code>&amp;lt;script type=&amp;quot;application/ld+json&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/code> tag.&lt;/p>
&lt;div class="highlight">&lt;div class="chroma">
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&lt;td class="lntd">
&lt;pre tabindex="0" class="chroma">&lt;code class="language-html" data-lang="html">&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">{{ if .IsPage }}
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="p">&amp;lt;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nt">script&lt;/span> &lt;span class="na">type&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s">&amp;#34;application/ld+json&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="p">{&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;@context&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;https://schema.org&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;@type&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;Article&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;mainEntityOfPage&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">{&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;@type&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;WebPage&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;@id&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;{{ .Permalink }}&amp;#34;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">},&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;headline&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;{{ .Title | htmlEscape }}&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;description&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;{{ $description | htmlEscape }}&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;image&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;{{ $ogImage }}&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;datePublished&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;{{ .Date.Format &amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="mi">2006&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">-&lt;/span>&lt;span class="mi">01&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">-&lt;/span>&lt;span class="mi">02&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nx">T15&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span>&lt;span class="mi">04&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span>&lt;span class="mi">05&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">-&lt;/span>&lt;span class="mi">07&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span>&lt;span class="mi">00&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34; }}&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;dateModified&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;{{ .Lastmod.Format &amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="mi">2006&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">-&lt;/span>&lt;span class="mi">01&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">-&lt;/span>&lt;span class="mi">02&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nx">T15&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span>&lt;span class="mi">04&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span>&lt;span class="mi">05&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">-&lt;/span>&lt;span class="mi">07&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span>&lt;span class="mi">00&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34; }}&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;author&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">{&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;@type&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;Person&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;name&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;{{ if .Params.author }}{{ .Params.author }}{{ else }}{{ .Site.Params.author }}{{ end }}&amp;#34;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">},&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;publisher&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">{&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;@type&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;Organization&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;name&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;{{ .Site.Title }}&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;logo&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">{&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;@type&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;ImageObject&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;url&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;{{ .Site.Params.logo | absURL }}&amp;#34;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">}&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">}&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="p">}&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="p">&amp;lt;/&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nt">script&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="c">&amp;lt;!-- BreadcrumbList Schema --&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="p">&amp;lt;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nt">script&lt;/span> &lt;span class="na">type&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s">&amp;#34;application/ld+json&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="p">{&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;@context&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;https://schema.org&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;@type&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;BreadcrumbList&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;itemListElement&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">[&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">{&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;@type&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;ListItem&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;position&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="mi">1&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;name&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;Home&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;item&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;{{ .Site.BaseURL }}&amp;#34;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">}&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">{{&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">$position&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">:=&lt;/span> &lt;span class="mi">2&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">}}&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">{{&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">range&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nx">Params&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nx">categories&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">}}&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">,{&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;@type&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;ListItem&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;position&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">{{&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">$position&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">}},&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;name&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;{{ . }}&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;item&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;{{ &amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nx">categories&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">/&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34; | relLangURL }}{{ . | urlize | lower }}/&amp;#34;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">}&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">{{&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">$position&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">add&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">$position&lt;/span> &lt;span class="mi">1&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">}}&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">{{&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">end&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">}}&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">,{&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;@type&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;ListItem&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;position&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">{{&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">$position&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">}},&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;name&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;{{ .Title | htmlEscape }}&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;item&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;{{ .Permalink }}&amp;#34;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">}&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">]&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="p">}&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="p">&amp;lt;/&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nt">script&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">{{ end }}
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>&lt;/td>&lt;/tr>&lt;/table>
&lt;/div>
&lt;/div>&lt;p>When expanding strings within JSON-LD, the key is to use &lt;code>htmlEscape&lt;/code> (or &lt;code>jsonify&lt;/code>) to prevent breaking the double quotes. This prevents JSON syntax errors regardless of what symbols are used in the frontmatter.&lt;/p>
&lt;hr>
&lt;h2 id="6-advanced-techniques-for-utilizing-frontmatter">6. Advanced Techniques for Utilizing Frontmatter
&lt;/h2>&lt;p>In addition to basic SEO metadata, Hugo&amp;rsquo;s frontmatter has features to realize more advanced SEO strategies.&lt;/p>
&lt;h3 id="61-redirect-processing-via-aliases">6.1. Redirect Processing via Aliases
&lt;/h3>&lt;p>If you have migrated to Hugo from a past blog service or changed the structure of permalinks, you need to redirect access from the old URLs to the new URLs. By using the &lt;code>aliases&lt;/code> field in Hugo, you can automatically generate HTTP-Equiv refresh (meta redirect) pages for the old URLs.&lt;/p>
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&lt;pre tabindex="0" class="chroma">&lt;code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml">&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="nn">---&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w">&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nt">title&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">:&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;New Article Title&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w">&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nt">slug&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">:&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;new-seo-post&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w">&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nt">aliases&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">:&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>- &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;/old-category/old-seo-post/&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>- &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;/2020/05/12/seo-tips/&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w">&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nn">---&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>&lt;/td>&lt;/tr>&lt;/table>
&lt;/div>
&lt;/div>&lt;h3 id="62-article-expiration-dates-and-scheduling">6.2. Article Expiration Dates and Scheduling
&lt;/h3>&lt;p>For limited-time campaign articles or information that loses value as it gets older, setting an &lt;code>expiryDate&lt;/code> makes it possible to exclude them from the build results and not display them on the site (to return a 404) after a specific date and time. This prevents low-quality, outdated content from remaining in the index and lowering the overall evaluation of the site.&lt;/p>
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&lt;pre tabindex="0" class="chroma">&lt;code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml">&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="nn">---&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w">&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nt">title&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">:&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;Exclusive SEO Techniques for 2026&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w">&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nt">publishDate&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">:&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;2026-01-01T00:00:00Z&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w">&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nt">expiryDate&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">:&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w"> &lt;/span>&lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;2026-12-31T23:59:59Z&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="w">&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nn">---&lt;/span>&lt;span class="w">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>&lt;/td>&lt;/tr>&lt;/table>
&lt;/div>
&lt;/div>&lt;hr>
&lt;h2 id="7-site-performance-and-core-web-vitals">7. Site Performance and Core Web Vitals
&lt;/h2>&lt;p>In SEO, &lt;strong>page loading speed&lt;/strong> is just as important as tag optimization. Google incorporates Core Web Vitals (LCP, FID/INP, CLS) as ranking factors.&lt;/p>
&lt;p>Hugo, which is a static site, originally has excellent TTFB (Time to First Byte), but image optimization is mandatory for blogs that use a lot of images. By combining Hugo&amp;rsquo;s powerful Image Processing feature with frontmatter, conversion to Next-gen formats (such as WebP) and resizing can be automated at build time.&lt;/p>
&lt;p>For example, you can create a shortcode that automatically generates WebP images on the template side from the image path specified in the frontmatter. This can dramatically increase your SEO evaluation.&lt;/p>
&lt;hr>
&lt;h2 id="8-conclusion">8. Conclusion
&lt;/h2>&lt;p>In blog operations using Hugo, the frontmatter is not just an &amp;ldquo;enumeration of configuration values&amp;rdquo; but a &amp;ldquo;control panel&amp;rdquo; for interacting with search engines and SNS.&lt;/p>
&lt;p>By completely implementing the following points explained in this article, the SEO foundation of your blog will become solid.&lt;/p>
&lt;ol>
&lt;li>&lt;strong>Dynamic Generation of Basic Metadata&lt;/strong>: Reliable output of Title, Description, and Canonical.&lt;/li>
&lt;li>&lt;strong>Optimization of Social Sharing&lt;/strong>: CTR improvement through custom implementation of OGP and Twitter Cards.&lt;/li>
&lt;li>&lt;strong>Full Support for Structured Data&lt;/strong>: Rich result support through JSON-LD (Article, Breadcrumb).&lt;/li>
&lt;li>&lt;strong>Advanced Traffic Management&lt;/strong>: Robot control with meta tags and redirects using Aliases.&lt;/li>
&lt;/ol>
&lt;p>Search engine algorithms are evolving daily, but the fundamental principle of SEO, which is to provide signals for search engines to &amp;ldquo;correctly understand the content of the page&amp;rdquo;, remains unchanged. By mastering Hugo&amp;rsquo;s flexible template engine and frontmatter, continue to broadcast those signals with the highest quality, and dramatically increase your blog&amp;rsquo;s traffic.&lt;/p></description></item><item><title>Indie App Promotion Strategy: How to Leverage a Tech Blog</title><link>http://kenji.blog/en/p/indie-app-promotion-blog-strategy/</link><pubDate>Sat, 12 Sep 2026 12:00:00 +0900</pubDate><guid>http://kenji.blog/en/p/indie-app-promotion-blog-strategy/</guid><description>&lt;img src="http://kenji.blog/p/indie-app-promotion-blog-strategy/img/eyecatch.jpg" alt="Featured image of post Indie App Promotion Strategy: How to Leverage a Tech Blog" />&lt;p>After building an amazing application as a solo developer, the biggest wall many face is the cruel reality that &amp;ldquo;nobody knows about the app.&amp;rdquo; No matter how refined the codebase is, or how beautiful the UI/UX is, without a promotion strategy, it will never reach the eyes of users.&lt;/p>
&lt;p>For modern indie developers (Indie Hackers), one of the most powerful and sustainable promotion channels is a &amp;ldquo;tech blog.&amp;rdquo; In this article, we will explain in depth how to make a tech blog function not just as a development memo, but as a strategic inbound marketing engine, covering everything from technical implementation (SEO metadata design, A/B testing architecture, tracking with GA4 and PostHog) to mathematical evaluation models.&lt;/p>
&lt;h2 id="1-seo-strategy-to-turn-your-tech-blog-into-a-traffic-generator">1. SEO Strategy to Turn Your Tech Blog into a &amp;ldquo;Traffic Generator&amp;rdquo;
&lt;/h2>&lt;p>SEO (Search Engine Optimization) for a tech blog is not simply about sprinkling keywords. It requires a programmatic approach to accurately convey the semantics (meaning) of the content to search engines (Googlebot) and social media crawlers.&lt;/p>
&lt;h3 id="11-optimization-of-open-graph-protocol-ogp">1.1 Optimization of Open Graph Protocol (OGP)
&lt;/h3>&lt;p>When technical articles are shared on X (formerly Twitter), Hacker News, Zenn, etc., dynamically generating OGP is essential to maximize the click-through rate (CTR). If you are using the Next.js App Router, use the &lt;code>generateMetadata&lt;/code> function to output optimized OGP for each article.&lt;/p>
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&lt;pre tabindex="0" class="chroma">&lt;code class="language-typescript" data-lang="typescript">&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="c1">// app/blog/[slug]/page.tsx
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="c1">&lt;/span>&lt;span class="kr">import&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">{&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">Metadata&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">}&lt;/span> &lt;span class="kr">from&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;next&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="kr">export&lt;/span> &lt;span class="kr">async&lt;/span> &lt;span class="kd">function&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">generateMetadata&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">({&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">params&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">}&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">{&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">params&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">{&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">slug&lt;/span>: &lt;span class="kt">string&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">}&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">})&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">Promise&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">&amp;lt;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nt">Metadata&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">&amp;gt;&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">{&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="kr">const&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">post&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span> &lt;span class="k">await&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">fetchPostBySlug&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nx">params&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nx">slug&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">);&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="k">return&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">{&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="nx">title&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="sb">`&lt;/span>&lt;span class="si">${&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nx">post&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nx">title&lt;/span>&lt;span class="si">}&lt;/span>&lt;span class="sb"> | My Indie App Dev Blog`&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="nx">description&lt;/span>: &lt;span class="kt">post.excerpt&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="nx">openGraph&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">{&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="nx">title&lt;/span>: &lt;span class="kt">post.title&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="nx">description&lt;/span>: &lt;span class="kt">post.excerpt&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="nx">url&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="sb">`https://example.com/blog/&lt;/span>&lt;span class="si">${&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nx">params&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nx">slug&lt;/span>&lt;span class="si">}&lt;/span>&lt;span class="sb">`&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="nx">siteName&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;Indie Dev Blog&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="nx">images&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">[&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">{&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="nx">url&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="sb">`https://example.com/api/og?title=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="si">${&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb">encodeURIComponent&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nx">post&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nx">title&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">)&lt;/span>&lt;span class="si">}&lt;/span>&lt;span class="sb">`&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="nx">width&lt;/span>: &lt;span class="kt">1200&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="nx">height&lt;/span>: &lt;span class="kt">630&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="nx">alt&lt;/span>: &lt;span class="kt">post.title&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">},&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">],&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="nx">locale&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;ja_JP&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="kr">type&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;article&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="nx">authors&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">[&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;Kenji&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">],&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">},&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="nx">twitter&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">{&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="nx">card&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;summary_large_image&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="nx">title&lt;/span>: &lt;span class="kt">post.title&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="nx">description&lt;/span>: &lt;span class="kt">post.excerpt&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="nx">creator&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;@kenjinote&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">},&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">};&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="p">}&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>&lt;/td>&lt;/tr>&lt;/table>
&lt;/div>
&lt;/div>&lt;h3 id="12-implementation-of-structured-data-using-json-ld">1.2 Implementation of Structured Data Using JSON-LD
&lt;/h3>&lt;p>To convey the context to search engines that &amp;ldquo;this is a technical article and at the same time a promotion for a software app,&amp;rdquo; we embed structured data using JSON-LD (JavaScript Object Notation for Linked Data) into the page. By combining the &lt;code>SoftwareApplication&lt;/code> schema, which has a link to the app&amp;rsquo;s landing page, along with the &lt;code>Article&lt;/code> schema, we aim to acquire rich results.&lt;/p>
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&lt;td class="lntd">
&lt;pre tabindex="0" class="chroma">&lt;code class="language-tsx" data-lang="tsx">&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="c1">// app/blog/[slug]/page.tsx (inside the component)
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="c1">&lt;/span>&lt;span class="kr">const&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">jsonLd&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">{&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;@context&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;https://schema.org&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;@graph&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">[&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">{&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;@type&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;TechArticle&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;headline&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">post&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nx">title&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;image&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">[&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="sb">`https://example.com/api/og?title=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="si">${&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nb">encodeURIComponent&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nx">post&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nx">title&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">)&lt;/span>&lt;span class="si">}&lt;/span>&lt;span class="sb">`&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">],&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;datePublished&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">post&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nx">publishedAt&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;dateModified&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">post&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nx">updatedAt&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;author&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">[{&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;@type&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;Person&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;name&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;Kenji&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;url&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;https://example.com/about&amp;#34;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">}]&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">},&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">{&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;@type&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;SoftwareApplication&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;name&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;My Awesome App&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;operatingSystem&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;Windows, macOS, Linux&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;applicationCategory&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;DeveloperApplication&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;offers&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">{&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;@type&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;Offer&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;price&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;0&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;priceCurrency&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;USD&amp;#34;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">}&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">}&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">]&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="p">};&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="kr">export&lt;/span> &lt;span class="k">default&lt;/span> &lt;span class="kd">function&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">BlogPost&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">({&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">params&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">})&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">{&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="k">return&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">&amp;lt;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nt">article&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">&amp;lt;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nt">script&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="na">type&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s">&amp;#34;application/ld+json&amp;#34;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="na">dangerouslySetInnerHTML&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">{{&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">__html&lt;/span>: &lt;span class="kt">JSON.stringify&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nx">jsonLd&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">)&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">}}&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">/&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">{&lt;/span>&lt;span class="cm">/* The body of the article continues */&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">}&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">&amp;lt;/&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nt">article&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">);&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="p">}&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>&lt;/td>&lt;/tr>&lt;/table>
&lt;/div>
&lt;/div>&lt;p>Through this implementation, Google interprets the page not just as text data, but as a collection of entities, understanding that a software tool for solving specific technical challenges is being introduced.&lt;/p>
&lt;h2 id="2-funnel-design-from-tutorial-to-conversion">2. Funnel Design from Tutorial to Conversion
&lt;/h2>&lt;p>Readers of a tech blog arrive by searching for specific error messages or technical challenges (e.g., &amp;ldquo;React Context API performance optimization&amp;rdquo;). It is important to place a CTA (Call to Action) for your app naturally right after satisfying their &amp;ldquo;Search Intent.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/p>
&lt;h3 id="21-visualization-of-the-user-journey">2.1 Visualization of the User Journey
&lt;/h3>&lt;p>The ideal funnel from when a reader comes from organic search to installing the app and becoming an active user is shown below.&lt;/p>
&lt;pre class="mermaid">
flowchart LR
A[&amp;#34;Organic Search (Google)&amp;#34;] --&amp;gt; B[&amp;#34;Tech Blog Tutorial&amp;#34;]
B --&amp;gt; C[&amp;#34;Aha! Moment (Problem Solved)&amp;#34;]
C --&amp;gt; D[&amp;#34;CTA Click (Try my App)&amp;#34;]
D --&amp;gt; E[&amp;#34;App Landing Page&amp;#34;]
E --&amp;gt; F[&amp;#34;App Download / Signup&amp;#34;]
F --&amp;gt; G[&amp;#34;Active User&amp;#34;]
style A fill:#f9f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
style B fill:#bbf,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
style D fill:#fbb,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
style F fill:#bfb,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
&lt;/pre>
&lt;p>For example, at the end of an article titled &amp;ldquo;How to Reduce Redux Boilerplate,&amp;rdquo; you place a context-aligned CTA such as &amp;ldquo;If you are struggling with the complexity of state management, please try &amp;lsquo;StateViewer&amp;rsquo;, a new state management visualization tool I developed.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/p>
&lt;h3 id="22-mathematical-model-of-conversion-rate">2.2 Mathematical Model of Conversion Rate
&lt;/h3>&lt;p>The marketing results through the blog are evaluated by the following Conversion Rate ($CR$) formula.&lt;/p>
$$ CR_{overall} = \frac{N_{active\_users}}{N_{blog\_visitors}} \times 100 $$&lt;p>Breaking down the funnel, the overall conversion rate can be expressed as the product of the transition rates of each step.&lt;/p>
$$ CR_{overall} = P(CTA|Visit) \times P(Install|CTA) \times P(Active|Install) $$&lt;p>Here, $P(CTA|Visit)$ is the probability that a blog visitor clicks the CTA. The biggest leverage point to increase the conversion rate of a tech blog lies in maximizing this $P(CTA|Visit)$. To optimize this, we introduce A/B testing, which is explained in the next section.&lt;/p>
&lt;h2 id="3-implementation-of-edge-ab-testing-using-vercel-edge-config">3. Implementation of Edge A/B Testing Using Vercel Edge Config
&lt;/h2>&lt;p>You should not decide the wording, design, and placement of a CTA by intuition. To make data-driven decisions, we conduct A/B testing. Client-side A/B testing on the frontend causes the &amp;ldquo;flicker phenomenon&amp;rdquo; (screen flickering), so we adopt an architecture that quickly routes requests on the edge network using Vercel Edge Middleware and Edge Config.&lt;/p>
&lt;h3 id="31-edge-ab-testing-architecture">3.1 Edge A/B Testing Architecture
&lt;/h3>&lt;p>The following sequence diagram shows the A/B testing flow utilizing Vercel&amp;rsquo;s edge infrastructure.&lt;/p>
&lt;pre class="mermaid">
sequenceDiagram
participant U as &amp;#34;User (Browser)&amp;#34;
participant M as &amp;#34;Vercel Middleware (Edge)&amp;#34;
participant E as &amp;#34;Vercel Edge Config&amp;#34;
participant P as &amp;#34;Next.js Page Render&amp;#34;
U-&amp;gt;&amp;gt;M: &amp;#34;GET /blog/react-hooks-tutorial&amp;#34;
M-&amp;gt;&amp;gt;E: &amp;#34;Read A/B test configuration&amp;#34;
E--&amp;gt;&amp;gt;M: &amp;#34;Return active variant weights (A:50%, B:50%)&amp;#34;
alt &amp;#34;Cookie already exists&amp;#34;
M-&amp;gt;&amp;gt;M: &amp;#34;Use existing variant cookie&amp;#34;
else &amp;#34;First visit&amp;#34;
M-&amp;gt;&amp;gt;M: &amp;#34;Assign variant (e.g., Variant B)&amp;#34;
M-&amp;gt;&amp;gt;M: &amp;#34;Set Set-Cookie header&amp;#34;
end
M-&amp;gt;&amp;gt;P: &amp;#34;Rewrite to /blog/react-hooks-tutorial?variant=B&amp;#34;
P--&amp;gt;&amp;gt;U: &amp;#34;Render HTML with CTA Variant B&amp;#34;
&lt;/pre>
&lt;h3 id="32-middleware-implementation-code">3.2 Middleware Implementation Code
&lt;/h3>&lt;p>By using Edge Config, it is possible to switch A/B testing flags in milliseconds without redeploying.&lt;/p>
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&lt;pre tabindex="0" class="chroma">&lt;code class="language-typescript" data-lang="typescript">&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="c1">// middleware.ts
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="c1">&lt;/span>&lt;span class="kr">import&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">{&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">NextResponse&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">}&lt;/span> &lt;span class="kr">from&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;next/server&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="kr">import&lt;/span> &lt;span class="kr">type&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">{&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">NextRequest&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">}&lt;/span> &lt;span class="kr">from&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;next/server&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="kr">import&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">{&lt;/span> &lt;span class="kr">get&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">}&lt;/span> &lt;span class="kr">from&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;@vercel/edge-config&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="kr">export&lt;/span> &lt;span class="kr">const&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">config&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">{&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="nx">matcher&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;/blog/:slug*&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="p">};&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="kr">export&lt;/span> &lt;span class="kr">async&lt;/span> &lt;span class="kd">function&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">middleware&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nx">request&lt;/span>: &lt;span class="kt">NextRequest&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">)&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">{&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="c1">// Fetch the currently active A/B test variant from Edge Config
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="c1">&lt;/span> &lt;span class="kr">const&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">ctaExperiment&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span> &lt;span class="k">await&lt;/span> &lt;span class="kr">get&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;cta_experiment_v1&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">);&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="kd">let&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">variant&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">request&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nx">cookies&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="kr">get&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;cta_variant&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">)&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">?&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nx">value&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="c1">// If the variant is unassigned, assign it randomly
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="c1">&lt;/span> &lt;span class="k">if&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">!&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nx">variant&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">&amp;amp;&amp;amp;&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">ctaExperiment&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">?&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nx">active&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">)&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">{&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="nx">variant&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nb">Math&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nx">random&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">()&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">&amp;lt;&lt;/span> &lt;span class="mf">0.5&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">?&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;A&amp;#39;&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;B&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">}&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="c1">// Build the URL for Rewrite
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="c1">&lt;/span> &lt;span class="kr">const&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">url&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">request&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nx">nextUrl&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nx">clone&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">();&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="k">if&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nx">variant&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">)&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">{&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="nx">url&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nx">searchParams&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="kr">set&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;variant&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">variant&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">);&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">}&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="kr">const&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">response&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">NextResponse&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nx">rewrite&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nx">url&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">);&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="c1">// Save to Cookie to show the same variant to the same user
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="c1">&lt;/span> &lt;span class="k">if&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nx">variant&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">&amp;amp;&amp;amp;&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">!&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nx">request&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nx">cookies&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nx">has&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;cta_variant&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">))&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">{&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="nx">response&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nx">cookies&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="kr">set&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;cta_variant&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">variant&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">{&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="nx">maxAge&lt;/span>: &lt;span class="kt">60&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">*&lt;/span> &lt;span class="mi">60&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">*&lt;/span> &lt;span class="mi">24&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">*&lt;/span> &lt;span class="mi">30&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span> &lt;span class="c1">// 30 days
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="c1">&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">path&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;/&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="nx">sameSite&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;lax&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">});&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">}&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="k">return&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">response&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="p">}&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>&lt;/td>&lt;/tr>&lt;/table>
&lt;/div>
&lt;/div>&lt;p>On the blog page component side, it receives &lt;code>searchParams.variant&lt;/code> and renders either a &amp;ldquo;modest text link (A)&amp;rdquo; or a &amp;ldquo;prominent graphical banner (B)&amp;rdquo; accordingly.&lt;/p>
&lt;h2 id="4-data-driven-growth-hacking-implementation-of-ga4-and-posthog">4. Data-Driven Growth Hacking: Implementation of GA4 and PostHog
&lt;/h2>&lt;p>After conducting A/B testing and guiding users to the app&amp;rsquo;s landing page, it is necessary to precisely measure its effectiveness. The era of just tracking page views is over. What is required now is &amp;ldquo;event-based&amp;rdquo; tracking and product analytics that tie together user behavior within the product.&lt;/p>
&lt;h3 id="41-event-tracking-with-google-analytics-4-ga4">4.1 Event Tracking with Google Analytics 4 (GA4)
&lt;/h3>&lt;p>GA4 has transitioned from the traditional session-based data model to an event-based one. To capture the exact moment a specific CTA in a blog post is clicked, a custom event is fired.&lt;/p>
&lt;div class="highlight">&lt;div class="chroma">
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&lt;td class="lntd">
&lt;pre tabindex="0" class="chroma">&lt;code class="language-typescript" data-lang="typescript">&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="c1">// components/CallToAction.tsx
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="c1">&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;use client&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="kr">export&lt;/span> &lt;span class="k">default&lt;/span> &lt;span class="kd">function&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">CallToAction&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">({&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">variant&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">appUrl&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">})&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">{&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="kr">const&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">handleCTAClick&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">()&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">=&amp;gt;&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">{&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="c1">// Push event to GA4 dataLayer
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="c1">&lt;/span> &lt;span class="k">if&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">typeof&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nb">window&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">!==&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;undefined&amp;#39;&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">&amp;amp;&amp;amp;&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nb">window&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nx">gtag&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">)&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">{&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="nb">window&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nx">gtag&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;event&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;generate_lead&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">{&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="nx">event_category&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;engagement&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="nx">event_label&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;blog_bottom_cta&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="nx">value&lt;/span>: &lt;span class="kt">1&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="nx">ab_variant&lt;/span>: &lt;span class="kt">variant&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">});&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">}&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">};&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="k">return&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">&amp;lt;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nt">div&lt;/span> &lt;span class="na">className&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">{&lt;/span>&lt;span class="sb">`cta-container &lt;/span>&lt;span class="si">${&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nx">variant&lt;/span>&lt;span class="si">}&lt;/span>&lt;span class="sb">`&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">}&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">&amp;lt;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nt">h3&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">&amp;gt;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nx">Would&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">you&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">like&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">to&lt;/span> &lt;span class="k">try&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">the&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">app&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">I&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">developed&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">?&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">&amp;lt;/&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nt">h3&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">&amp;lt;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nt">a&lt;/span> &lt;span class="na">href&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">{&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nx">appUrl&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">}&lt;/span> &lt;span class="na">onClick&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">{&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nx">handleCTAClick&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">}&lt;/span> &lt;span class="na">className&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s">&amp;#34;btn-primary&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="nx">Download&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">Now&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">&amp;lt;/&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nt">a&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">&amp;lt;/&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nt">div&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">);&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="p">}&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>&lt;/td>&lt;/tr>&lt;/table>
&lt;/div>
&lt;/div>&lt;h3 id="42-product-analytics-using-posthog">4.2 Product Analytics using PostHog
&lt;/h3>&lt;p>While GA4 excels at analyzing website traffic, an open-source based product analytics tool like PostHog is better suited for tracking whether &amp;ldquo;a user who flowed in from the blog actually installed the app and continues to use it a week later (retention).&amp;rdquo;&lt;/p>
&lt;p>By introducing PostHog, a series of behaviors from the frontend (blog) to the backend (app&amp;rsquo;s API) can be linked together and analyzed under a single user ID.&lt;/p>
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&lt;pre tabindex="0" class="chroma">&lt;code class="language-typescript" data-lang="typescript">&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="c1">// Example of PostHog initialization and event tracking
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="c1">&lt;/span>&lt;span class="kr">import&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">posthog&lt;/span> &lt;span class="kr">from&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;posthog-js&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="c1">// Initialization on the client side
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="c1">&lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">if&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="k">typeof&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nb">window&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">!==&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;undefined&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">)&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">{&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="nx">posthog&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nx">init&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;phc_YOUR_PROJECT_API_KEY&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">{&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="nx">api_host&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;https://app.posthog.com&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="nx">loaded&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nx">posthog&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">)&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">=&amp;gt;&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">{&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="k">if&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nx">process&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nx">env&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nx">NODE_ENV&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">===&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;development&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">)&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">posthog&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nx">debug&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">();&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">}&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">});&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="p">}&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="c1">// Tracking upon CTA click
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="c1">&lt;/span>&lt;span class="kr">export&lt;/span> &lt;span class="kr">const&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">trackAppDownload&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nx">sourceId&lt;/span>: &lt;span class="kt">string&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nx">variant&lt;/span>: &lt;span class="kt">string&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">)&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">=&amp;gt;&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">{&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="nx">posthog&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nx">capture&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;app_download_clicked&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">{&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="nx">source_article&lt;/span>: &lt;span class="kt">sourceId&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="nx">ab_test_variant&lt;/span>: &lt;span class="kt">variant&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="nx">timestamp&lt;/span>: &lt;span class="kt">new&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nb">Date&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">().&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nx">toISOString&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">()&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">});&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="p">};&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>&lt;/td>&lt;/tr>&lt;/table>
&lt;/div>
&lt;/div>&lt;p>Using PostHog&amp;rsquo;s powerful &amp;ldquo;Funnel&amp;rdquo; feature, you can visualize the drop-off rate for each step of &amp;ldquo;Blog View -&amp;gt; CTA Click -&amp;gt; Signup -&amp;gt; First Core Action Execution,&amp;rdquo; and grasp where the bottlenecks are at a glance.&lt;/p>
&lt;h3 id="43-evaluation-of-unit-economics-ltv-and-cac">4.3 Evaluation of Unit Economics (LTV and CAC)
&lt;/h3>&lt;p>Ultimately, it is necessary to mathematically evaluate whether the time cost (or outsourcing fee to external writers) of writing a tech blog is viable as a business. What becomes important here is the relationship between Customer Acquisition Cost (CAC) and Customer Lifetime Value (LTV).&lt;/p>
&lt;p>CAC is calculated as follows. For a tech blog, direct advertising costs might be zero, but the &amp;ldquo;hours of labor × your hourly rate&amp;rdquo; spent writing should be accounted for as a cost.&lt;/p>
$$ CAC = \frac{Total\_Cost\_of\_Content\_Creation}{Total\_Customers\_Acquired} $$&lt;p>On the other hand, for a subscription-based indie app, LTV is calculated from ARPU (Average Revenue Per User) and the Churn Rate. By multiplying the Gross Margin, you get a more accurate profit-based LTV.&lt;/p>
$$ LTV = ARPU \times \frac{1}{Churn\_Rate} \times Gross\_Margin $$&lt;p>The golden rule for maintaining the health of a SaaS business or the growth of an indie app (the health of unit economics) is to satisfy the following inequality.&lt;/p>
$$ \frac{LTV}{CAC} > 3 $$&lt;p>Once a high-quality article is indexed, a tech blog will continue to generate organic traffic from search engines for a long time. In other words, as time passes, the number of acquired users (denominator) increases, and the $CAC$ has a powerful compounding effect (leverage) that approaches zero to the limit. This is the biggest reason why a tech blog becomes the ultimate promotional weapon for solo developers without financial power.&lt;/p>
&lt;h2 id="5-conclusion">5. Conclusion
&lt;/h2>&lt;p>In this article, we explained the technical strategies to elevate a tech blog from a mere &amp;ldquo;diary&amp;rdquo; into a highly optimized &amp;ldquo;automated engine for attracting app users.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/p>
&lt;ol>
&lt;li>&lt;strong>SEO and Structured Data&lt;/strong>: Use OGP and JSON-LD to accurately convey the true value of your content to crawlers.&lt;/li>
&lt;li>&lt;strong>Funnel Design&lt;/strong>: Present the most relevant CTA immediately after solving the reader&amp;rsquo;s technical pain points.&lt;/li>
&lt;li>&lt;strong>Edge A/B Testing&lt;/strong>: Utilize Vercel Edge Config to search for the optimal UI without sacrificing performance.&lt;/li>
&lt;li>&lt;strong>Precise Analytics&lt;/strong>: Combine GA4 and PostHog to track &amp;ldquo;conversion&amp;rdquo; and &amp;ldquo;retention&amp;rdquo; rather than PVs, keeping the LTV/CAC ratio healthy.&lt;/li>
&lt;/ol>
&lt;p>Creating a wonderful product is only half of the success. The other half is &amp;ldquo;marketing as engineering&amp;rdquo; to deliver it into the hands of those who need it. Do not let your tech blog end as just a place for output, but cultivate it into the greatest asset that supports the sustainable growth of your app.&lt;/p></description></item><item><title>What Engineers Should Do to Grow Monthly Traffic on a Tech Blog</title><link>http://kenji.blog/en/p/tech-blog-growth-strategies-for-engineers/</link><pubDate>Sat, 12 Sep 2026 12:00:00 +0900</pubDate><guid>http://kenji.blog/en/p/tech-blog-growth-strategies-for-engineers/</guid><description>&lt;img src="http://kenji.blog/p/tech-blog-growth-strategies-for-engineers/img/eyecatch.jpg" alt="Featured image of post What Engineers Should Do to Grow Monthly Traffic on a Tech Blog" />&lt;h2 id="introduction-tech-blog-growth-hacking-only-engineers-can-do">Introduction: Tech Blog Growth Hacking Only Engineers Can Do
&lt;/h2>&lt;p>Many software engineers start tech blogs, but few manage to gather a consistent number of views and maintain or expand them over a long period. Writing high-quality technical articles is a prerequisite, but the era of &amp;ldquo;write a good article and it will naturally be read&amp;rdquo; is long gone. Today&amp;rsquo;s search engine algorithms have become complex, and the flow of information on SNS is faster than ever.&lt;/p>
&lt;p>However, engineers have an advantage that other professions do not. That is the ability to &amp;ldquo;understand system architecture, combine tools for automation, and analyze data programmatically.&amp;rdquo; In this article, going beyond simple writing techniques, we will treat a tech blog as a single &amp;ldquo;product&amp;rdquo; and explain in extreme and practical detail the strategies to dramatically increase monthly traffic using the power of engineering.&lt;/p>
&lt;hr>
&lt;h2 id="1-seo-architecture-for-engineer-tech-blogs">1. SEO Architecture for Engineer Tech Blogs
&lt;/h2>&lt;p>The foundational system of a blog (such as a static site generator) and the structure of its HTML are the most critical factors for search engines to interpret content correctly.&lt;/p>
&lt;h3 id="11-core-web-vitals-optimization">1.1 Core Web Vitals Optimization
&lt;/h3>&lt;p>Google has adopted page experience as a ranking factor, and &lt;strong>Core Web Vitals (LCP, FID/INP, CLS)&lt;/strong> cannot be ignored, even for tech blogs.
Tech blogs heavily use large amounts of source code blocks, mathematical formulas (MathJax / KaTeX), and explanatory diagrams. These are factors that delay page rendering.&lt;/p>
&lt;ul>
&lt;li>&lt;strong>LCP (Largest Contentful Paint)&lt;/strong>: The loading speed of the main content above the fold. Use WebP or AVIF for the eye-catch image and add the &lt;code>fetchpriority=&amp;quot;high&amp;quot;&lt;/code> attribute to preload it. Also, huge CSS and JS files for syntax highlighting should be loaded asynchronously or designed to load only on pages where they are needed.&lt;/li>
&lt;li>&lt;strong>CLS (Cumulative Layout Shift)&lt;/strong>: Layout shifts during page loading. By securing the display area for formulas and images in advance using CSS properties like &lt;code>aspect-ratio&lt;/code>, you can prevent layout jank when the DOM is inserted later.&lt;/li>
&lt;li>&lt;strong>INP (Interaction to Next Paint)&lt;/strong>: Responsiveness to user interactions. Heavy JavaScript (such as dynamic full-text search on the client side or executing a massive Markdown parser) must not be executed on the main thread; it is essential to offload it to a Web Worker or generate it as static HTML (SSG) during the build process.&lt;/li>
&lt;/ul>
&lt;h3 id="12-implementation-of-structured-data-json-ld">1.2 Implementation of Structured Data (JSON-LD)
&lt;/h3>&lt;p>To explicitly tell search engines that the page is an &amp;ldquo;article&amp;rdquo; and &amp;ldquo;who&amp;rdquo; the author is, implement structured data in JSON-LD format. By utilizing schemas such as &lt;code>TechArticle&lt;/code> or &lt;code>SoftwareSourceCode&lt;/code>, your content is more likely to appear in Google&amp;rsquo;s Rich Results, improving the CTR (Click-Through Rate).&lt;/p>
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&lt;pre tabindex="0" class="chroma">&lt;code class="language-html" data-lang="html">&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="p">&amp;lt;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nt">script&lt;/span> &lt;span class="na">type&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s">&amp;#34;application/ld+json&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="p">{&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;@context&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;https://schema.org&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;@type&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;TechArticle&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;headline&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;What Engineers Should Do to Grow Monthly Traffic on a Tech Blog&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;image&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">[&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;https://example.com/img/eyecatch.jpg&amp;#34;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">],&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;datePublished&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;2026-09-14T10:00:00+09:00&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;author&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">{&lt;/span>
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&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;name&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;Kenji&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;url&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;https://example.com/about/&amp;#34;&lt;/span>
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&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;publisher&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">{&lt;/span>
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&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;name&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;Kenji&amp;#39;s Tech Blog&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;logo&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">{&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;@type&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;ImageObject&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
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&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="p">&amp;lt;/&lt;/span>&lt;span class="nt">script&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">&amp;gt;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>&lt;/td>&lt;/tr>&lt;/table>
&lt;/div>
&lt;/div>&lt;h3 id="13-semantic-html-and-document-structure-optimization">1.3 Semantic HTML and Document Structure Optimization
&lt;/h3>&lt;p>Proper nesting of headings (&lt;code>h1&lt;/code> to &lt;code>h6&lt;/code>) is fundamental, but tech blogs require accurate use of HTML5 semantic tags like &lt;code>article&lt;/code>, &lt;code>section&lt;/code>, &lt;code>aside&lt;/code>, and &lt;code>nav&lt;/code>. Also, appropriately distinguishing &lt;code>&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&lt;/code> and &lt;code>&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;/code> for source code, &lt;code>&amp;lt;kbd&amp;gt;&lt;/code> for keyboard inputs, and &lt;code>&amp;lt;var&amp;gt;&lt;/code> for variables provides machine-readable HTML. This is also a highly effective measure for AI content indexing (LLM training data collection and RAG systems).&lt;/p>
&lt;hr>
&lt;h2 id="2-the-psychology-of-search-intent-and-keyword-strategy">2. The Psychology of Search Intent and Keyword Strategy
&lt;/h2>&lt;p>To maximize incoming traffic from search engines (organic traffic), you need to accurately decipher the search intent—&amp;ldquo;why did the user search for that keyword?&amp;rdquo; Search intent in the tech field can be broadly classified into two types.&lt;/p>
&lt;h3 id="21-troubleshooting-type-vs-systematic-learning--review-type">2.1 &amp;ldquo;Troubleshooting Type&amp;rdquo; vs. &amp;ldquo;Systematic Learning &amp;amp; Review Type&amp;rdquo;
&lt;/h3>&lt;ol>
&lt;li>
&lt;p>&lt;strong>Troubleshooting Intent&lt;/strong>&lt;/p>
&lt;ul>
&lt;li>Example search keywords: &lt;code>Docker &amp;quot;no space left on device&amp;quot; solution&lt;/code>, &lt;code>Python IndexError list index out of range cause&lt;/code>&lt;/li>
&lt;li>Psychology: Blocked by an error during development, looking for a quick fix command or code snippet right now.&lt;/li>
&lt;li>Strategy: Present the &amp;ldquo;conclusion (code or command to solve the issue)&amp;rdquo; at the very beginning of the article (above the fold). Place the background and detailed mechanism explanations after that, first satisfying the user&amp;rsquo;s desire to &amp;ldquo;fix it immediately.&amp;rdquo; This helps reduce the bounce rate.&lt;/li>
&lt;/ul>
&lt;/li>
&lt;li>
&lt;p>&lt;strong>Systematic Learning &amp;amp; Review Intent&lt;/strong>&lt;/p>
&lt;ul>
&lt;li>Example search keywords: &lt;code>React vs Vue 2026 comparison&lt;/code>, &lt;code>Rust asynchronous processing tutorial&lt;/code>, &lt;code>GCP network architecture design&lt;/code>&lt;/li>
&lt;li>Psychology: Wants to select a new tech stack or deepen their understanding from the basics, and is ready to take time to read.&lt;/li>
&lt;li>Strategy: Enrich the Table of Contents (TOC) and heavily use diagrams and architecture charts (Mermaid, etc.). Objectively compare pros and cons and include use cases of how it can be applied in actual work, which can increase time spent on the page.&lt;/li>
&lt;/ul>
&lt;/li>
&lt;/ol>
&lt;h3 id="22-exponential-decay-model-of-traffic-and-long-tail-strategy">2.2 Exponential Decay Model of Traffic and Long-Tail Strategy
&lt;/h3>&lt;p>Traffic for technical articles tends to form a spike (surge) right after publication due to buzz on SNS, etc., and then decreases exponentially. This traffic $V(t)$ can be approximated by the following mathematical model:&lt;/p>
$$ V(t) = V_0 e^{-\lambda t} + C $$&lt;p>Where:&lt;/p>
&lt;ul>
&lt;li>$V(t)$: Traffic volume at time $t$&lt;/li>
&lt;li>$V_0$: Initial traffic spike volume due to SNS buzz immediately after publication&lt;/li>
&lt;li>$\lambda$: Decay constant associated with content obsolescence and forgetting on SNS (depends on the speed of technological trend changes)&lt;/li>
&lt;li>$C$: Stable organic search inflow from search engines (baseline traffic)&lt;/li>
&lt;/ul>
&lt;p>The key to growing traffic over the long term is not to aim for a temporary buzz ($V_0$), but &lt;strong>how to make the constant term $C$ (sustained inflow from search engines) as large as possible&lt;/strong>. By covering a massive amount of &amp;ldquo;long-tail keywords&amp;rdquo;—such as specific niche errors or integration methods between specific tools—that have low search volume but no competition, you can grow the total sum of $C$ into something enormous.&lt;/p>
&lt;hr>
&lt;h2 id="3-data-driven-content-analysis-using-google-search-console-api">3. Data-Driven Content Analysis Using Google Search Console API
&lt;/h2>&lt;p>To build a stable traffic foundation $C$, it is necessary to utilize Google Search Console (GSC) data to objectively analyze &amp;ldquo;how Google evaluates your site.&amp;rdquo; However, clicking around the GSC Web UI has its limits. If you are an engineer, automate the analysis using the GSC API and Python.&lt;/p>
&lt;h3 id="31-automation-approach-with-gsc-api-and-python">3.1 Automation Approach with GSC API and Python
&lt;/h3>&lt;p>Create a script that automatically detects &amp;ldquo;wasteful articles&amp;rdquo; where the search ranking drops over time (Decaying Content), or where impressions are high but the Click-Through Rate (CTR) is abnormally low.
This uses &lt;code>google-api-python-client&lt;/code> and &lt;code>pandas&lt;/code>.&lt;/p>
&lt;h3 id="32-python-implementation-code-auto-extracting-content-with-decreased-ctr">3.2 Python Implementation Code: Auto-Extracting Content with Decreased CTR
&lt;/h3>&lt;p>Below is an example of a script that fetches search performance data for the past 30 days from the API and extracts a &amp;ldquo;recommended list of keywords and article URLs with great room for improvement in title or description&amp;rdquo; where impressions are 1000 or more and CTR is 2% or less.&lt;/p>
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&lt;td class="lntd">
&lt;pre tabindex="0" class="chroma">&lt;code class="language-python" data-lang="python">&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="kn">import&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nn">pandas&lt;/span> &lt;span class="k">as&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nn">pd&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="kn">from&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nn">google.oauth2&lt;/span> &lt;span class="kn">import&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">service_account&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="kn">from&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nn">googleapiclient.discovery&lt;/span> &lt;span class="kn">import&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">build&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="kn">import&lt;/span> &lt;span class="nn">datetime&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="c1"># 1. Authentication and API service construction&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="n">KEY_FILE_LOCATION&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;path/to/your-service-account-key.json&amp;#39;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="n">SCOPES&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">[&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;https://www.googleapis.com/auth/webmasters.readonly&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">]&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="n">SITE_URL&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;https://your-tech-blog.com/&amp;#39;&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="n">credentials&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">service_account&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">Credentials&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">from_service_account_file&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="n">KEY_FILE_LOCATION&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">scopes&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">SCOPES&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">)&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="n">webmasters_service&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">build&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;searchconsole&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;v1&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">credentials&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">credentials&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">)&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="c1"># 2. Calculation of request period (past 30 days)&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="n">today&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">datetime&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">date&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">today&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">()&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="n">end_date&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">today&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">-&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">datetime&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">timedelta&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">days&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="mi">2&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">))&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">strftime&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;%Y-%m-&lt;/span>&lt;span class="si">%d&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">)&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="n">start_date&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">today&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">-&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">datetime&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">timedelta&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">days&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="mi">32&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">))&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">strftime&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;%Y-%m-&lt;/span>&lt;span class="si">%d&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">)&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="c1"># 3. Execution of API request&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="n">request&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">{&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;startDate&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">start_date&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;endDate&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">end_date&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;dimensions&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">[&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;query&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;page&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">],&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;rowLimit&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="mi">5000&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="p">}&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="n">response&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">webmasters_service&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">searchanalytics&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">()&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">query&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="n">siteUrl&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">SITE_URL&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">body&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">request&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">)&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">execute&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">()&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="c1"># 4. Data processing and filtering using Pandas DataFrame&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="k">if&lt;/span> &lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;rows&amp;#39;&lt;/span> &lt;span class="ow">in&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">response&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">:&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="n">rows&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">response&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">[&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;rows&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">]&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="n">data&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">[]&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="k">for&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">row&lt;/span> &lt;span class="ow">in&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">rows&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">:&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="n">data&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">append&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">({&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;Query&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">row&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">[&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;keys&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">][&lt;/span>&lt;span class="mi">0&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">],&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;URL&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">row&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">[&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;keys&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">][&lt;/span>&lt;span class="mi">1&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">],&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;Clicks&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">row&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">[&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;clicks&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">],&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;Impressions&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">row&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">[&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;impressions&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">],&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;CTR&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">row&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">[&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;ctr&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">],&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;Position&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">:&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">row&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">[&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;position&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">]&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="p">})&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="n">df&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">pd&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">DataFrame&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">data&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">)&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="c1"># Filtering condition: Impressions &amp;gt;= 1000 &amp;amp; CTR &amp;lt; 2%&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="n">target_df&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">df&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">[(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">df&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">[&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;Impressions&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">]&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">&amp;gt;=&lt;/span> &lt;span class="mi">1000&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">)&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">&amp;amp;&lt;/span> &lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">df&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">[&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;CTR&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">]&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">&amp;lt;&lt;/span> &lt;span class="mf">0.02&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">)]&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="c1"># Sort in ascending order by position (prioritize high ranking but unclicked)&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="n">target_df&lt;/span> &lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">target_df&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">sort_values&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">by&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s1">&amp;#39;Position&amp;#39;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">,&lt;/span> &lt;span class="n">ascending&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">=&lt;/span>&lt;span class="kc">True&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">)&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="nb">print&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;[Recommended List for Title/Meta Description Improvement]&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">)&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="nb">print&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">target_df&lt;/span>&lt;span class="o">.&lt;/span>&lt;span class="n">head&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="mi">10&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">))&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="c1"># Export to CSV if necessary, etc.&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="c1"># target_df.to_csv(&amp;#39;improve_candidates.csv&amp;#39;, index=False)&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl">&lt;span class="k">else&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">:&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;span class="line">&lt;span class="cl"> &lt;span class="nb">print&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">(&lt;/span>&lt;span class="s2">&amp;#34;No data found.&amp;#34;&lt;/span>&lt;span class="p">)&lt;/span>
&lt;/span>&lt;/span>&lt;/code>&lt;/pre>&lt;/td>&lt;/tr>&lt;/table>
&lt;/div>
&lt;/div>&lt;p>By running this script as a cron job or a GitHub Actions scheduled job, you can continuously make data-driven decisions on &amp;ldquo;which article titles to rewrite.&amp;rdquo; It&amp;rsquo;s important to rely on data rather than intuition for continuous improvement (Continuous Content Improvement).&lt;/p>
&lt;hr>
&lt;h2 id="4-article-lifecycle-management-and-rewrite-strategy">4. Article Lifecycle Management and Rewrite Strategy
&lt;/h2>&lt;p>Publishing a technical article is not the end. As technology evolves (framework version updates, API deprecations, etc.), content quickly becomes obsolete. Continuing to provide outdated information not only damages the blog&amp;rsquo;s credibility but also negatively affects SEO.&lt;/p>
&lt;h3 id="41-content-lifecycle-management-gantt-chart">4.1 Content Lifecycle Management (Gantt Chart)
&lt;/h3>&lt;p>The ideal content operation lifecycle is shown in a Mermaid Gantt chart.&lt;/p>
&lt;pre class="mermaid">
gantt
title Data-Driven Content Lifecycle Management
dateFormat YYYY-MM-DD
axisFormat %m/%d
section &amp;#34;Phase 1: Planning &amp;amp; Writing&amp;#34;
&amp;#34;Search Keyword &amp;amp; Trend Analysis&amp;#34; :a1, 2026-09-01, 3d
&amp;#34;Draft &amp;amp; Code Verification&amp;#34; :a2, after a1, 5d
&amp;#34;Revision &amp;amp; Proofreading&amp;#34; :a3, after a2, 2d
section &amp;#34;Phase 2: Publishing &amp;amp; Promo&amp;#34;
&amp;#34;Deployment via CI/CD Pipeline&amp;#34; :p1, 2026-09-11, 1d
&amp;#34;Automated SNS Delivery (X, LinkedIn, RSS)&amp;#34; :p2, 2026-09-11, 1d
&amp;#34;Ripple Effect to Bookmarks, etc.&amp;#34; :p3, after p2, 3d
section &amp;#34;Phase 3: Observation &amp;amp; Analysis&amp;#34;
&amp;#34;GSC Data Accumulation Period&amp;#34; :m1, 2026-09-14, 28d
&amp;#34;Performance Eval via Python API&amp;#34;:m2, after m1, 2d
section &amp;#34;Phase 4: Improvement (Rewrite)&amp;#34;
&amp;#34;Title Fix for Low CTR Articles&amp;#34; :r1, after m2, 3d
&amp;#34;Code Update to Latest Version&amp;#34;:r2, after r1, 4d
&lt;/pre>
&lt;p>Treating article creation like a software development project and incorporating the post-release operation/maintenance (rewrite) phase into your plan is the secret to maintaining and improving traffic.&lt;/p>
&lt;h3 id="42-mathematical-model-of-content-creation-roi-return-on-investment">4.2 Mathematical Model of Content Creation ROI (Return on Investment)
&lt;/h3>&lt;p>Since engineers spend valuable time writing articles, they should be aware of the Return on Investment (ROI).
The ROI for a blog can be formulated as follows:&lt;/p>
$$ ROI = \frac{\sum_{t=1}^{T} \left( Rev_{ad}(t) + Val_{brand}(t) + Val_{skill}(t) \right) - Cost_{time}}{\text{Cost}_{time}} \times 100 \ (\%) $$&lt;ul>
&lt;li>$T$: Effective lifespan of the article (time until it becomes obsolete)&lt;/li>
&lt;li>$Rev_{ad}(t)$: Direct revenue from ad earnings, affiliate revenue, and sponsorships&lt;/li>
&lt;li>$Val_{brand}(t)$: Monetary equivalent of the positive impact on career due to demonstrating technical skills (e.g., increased offer amount when changing jobs, speaking requests)&lt;/li>
&lt;li>$Val_{skill}(t)$: Value of personal skill improvement through learning and research done to write the article&lt;/li>
&lt;li>$Cost_{time}$: Time spent writing the article, creating diagrams, and verifying code (converted to personal hourly rate)&lt;/li>
&lt;/ul>
&lt;p>The great thing about tech blogs is that even if $Rev_{ad}$ is small, $Val_{brand}$ and $Val_{skill}$ tend to be extremely large. In particular, high-quality technical explanations serve directly as a portfolio, wielding immense power in job hunting or securing side jobs.&lt;/p>
&lt;hr>
&lt;h2 id="5-distribution-via-github-actions-and-external-automation-tool-integration">5. Distribution via GitHub Actions and External Automation Tool Integration
&lt;/h2>&lt;p>After creating content, the challenge becomes how to efficiently deliver it to the target audience (distribution). Manually posting links to each SNS every time is inefficient and un-engineer-like.&lt;/p>
&lt;h3 id="51-social-media-sharing-automation-architecture">5.1 Social Media Sharing Automation Architecture
&lt;/h3>&lt;p>We will build an architecture that fully automates everything from building, deploying, and notifying multiple platforms the moment a Markdown file is merged into the main branch of a GitHub repository.&lt;/p>
&lt;pre class="mermaid">
flowchart TD
A[&amp;#34;Developer (Git Push)&amp;#34;] --&amp;gt; B[&amp;#34;GitHub Repository&amp;#34;]
B --&amp;gt;|Webhook| C[&amp;#34;GitHub Actions (CI/CD)&amp;#34;]
C --&amp;gt;|Build| D[&amp;#34;Static Site Generator (Hugo/Gatsby)&amp;#34;]
D --&amp;gt;|Deploy| E[&amp;#34;Hosting (Vercel / Cloudflare Pages)&amp;#34;]
D --&amp;gt;|Generate| F[&amp;#34;RSS Feed (index.xml)&amp;#34;]
F --&amp;gt;|Polled by| G[&amp;#34;Zapier / IFTTT / Make&amp;#34;]
G --&amp;gt;|API Call| H[&amp;#34;X (Twitter) Auto Post&amp;#34;]
G --&amp;gt;|API Call| I[&amp;#34;LinkedIn Article Post&amp;#34;]
G --&amp;gt;|API Call| J[&amp;#34;Discord / Slack Community Webhook&amp;#34;]
C --&amp;gt;|Actions Script| K[&amp;#34;Qiita / Zenn Cross-Post API&amp;#34;]
&lt;/pre>
&lt;h3 id="52-key-points-for-building-an-automation-pipeline">5.2 Key Points for Building an Automation Pipeline
&lt;/h3>&lt;ol>
&lt;li>
&lt;p>&lt;strong>Build and Deploy with GitHub Actions&lt;/strong>
If using a static site generator, automate the HTML generation and deployment to the hosting provider (Vercel, Netlify, Cloudflare Pages, etc.) using GitHub Actions. At this time, it is also effective to incorporate an image optimization process (such as auto-conversion to WebP) into the build pipeline as a Core Web Vitals countermeasure mentioned earlier.&lt;/p>
&lt;/li>
&lt;li>
&lt;p>&lt;strong>SNS Integration with RSS Triggers Using Zapier/IFTTT&lt;/strong>
The site generator creates the latest RSS feed (XML) during the build. Feed this into an iPaaS like Zapier or Make (formerly Integromat) to build a workflow such as &amp;ldquo;When a new item is added to RSS, post the title and URL to X (Twitter) and LinkedIn.&amp;rdquo; With this, notifications to followers are automatically sent the moment an article is published.&lt;/p>
&lt;/li>
&lt;li>
&lt;p>&lt;strong>Cross-Posting to Qiita/Zenn (Using Canonical Tags)&lt;/strong>
While the domain authority of your company or personal blog is still weak, borrowing the visitor attraction power of technical platforms like Qiita or Zenn is one strategy. However, simple copy-pasting carries the risk of SEO penalties for duplicate content.
This issue can be resolved by setting a &lt;strong>Canonical tag&lt;/strong> in the metadata of the Qiita or Zenn article, pointing to the original article URL on your own blog. By writing a script that hits various platform APIs from GitHub Actions to automatically generate articles from Markdown, you can fully automate multi-channel delivery.&lt;/p>
&lt;/li>
&lt;/ol>
&lt;hr>
&lt;h2 id="conclusion-turning-the-cycle-of-continuous-improvement">Conclusion: Turning the Cycle of Continuous Improvement
&lt;/h2>&lt;p>To dramatically increase monthly traffic on a tech blog, the engineering approaches introduced this time are indispensable in addition to the act of &amp;ldquo;writing.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/p>
&lt;ol>
&lt;li>Building a robust HTML and site architecture with SEO in mind&lt;/li>
&lt;li>Article design that understands the user&amp;rsquo;s search intent (troubleshooting vs. systematic learning)&lt;/li>
&lt;li>Data analysis utilizing the Google Search Console API and Python&lt;/li>
&lt;li>Content lifecycle management and rewriting with ROI in mind&lt;/li>
&lt;li>Complete automation of distribution through CI/CD and Zapier integration&lt;/li>
&lt;/ol>
&lt;p>If you can assemble these as a system, your tech blog will become the strongest asset to powerfully boost your own career. Engineers struggling with stagnant traffic should definitely start &amp;ldquo;blog growth hacking&amp;rdquo; today. The programming skills and architecture design abilities cultivated in development work will undoubtedly be your greatest weapons in blog management as well.&lt;/p></description></item></channel></rss>